Sampling and Instrumentation in Qualitative Research Flashcards
basic types of sampling
probability
non-probability
unique atypical or unusual sample
extreme case or unique sample
all the members possess a certain trait or characteristic
homogeneous sample
ongoing sample selection process; evolving process guided by the emerging theory
theoretical sample
one selected as the need arises during the conduct of a study
snowball sample
intentionally selects participants based on their characteristics knowledge or experience relevant to the research objective
purposive sampling
a group of individuals were available for the study
convenience sampling
when do you know you have enough respondents in your sample size
when you reach the point of saturation or redundancy
the kinds of information researchers obtained on the subjects of the research
data
the device to collect data
instrument
sources of information
- researcher information
- subject information
- informant information
sources of instruments
existing instruments
researcher developed or developed by someone else
a set of questions to be answered by the subject of the study, is conducted orally, can be semi structured or structured
interview protocols
reactive types of observation
direct
participants are unaware of the present of the researcher
unobtrusive observation
records the behavior of the individual observers are free to record any behaviors they think is important and need not to focus on the same behaviors of all the subjects
anecdotal records
four main types of anecdotal records
- Evaluative
- Interpretive
- Generalized
- Specific
gives a good or bad or a desirable or undesirable interpretation of the data
evaluative
explains the child’s behavior with their own interpretation
interpretative
certain behaviors are put into a general term
generalized
tells exactly what the child did
specific
observations and detailed records over a period of time of activities of one or more individuals
Time-and-Motion Logs
is a systematic procedure for reviewing or evaluating documents both print and electronic materials the data is examined and interpreted to illicit meaning in understanding and develop empirical knowledge
document analysis
use of document
- provide state on the context within which the research participants operate
- suggest some questions that need to be asked in situations that need to be observed as part of the research
- provides supplementary research data
- provides a means of tracking changes and development
5.finds a way to verify findings or collaborate evidence to other sources
