Sampling and Estimating

Question 1

selection of a subset of data

Answer 1

sampling

Question 2

number from a sample

Answer 2

statistic

Question 3

number from a population

Answer 3

parameter

Question 4

set of values from same size samples of a population

Answer 4

sampling distribution

Question 5

difference between a sample and a population

Answer 5

sampling error

Question 6

std. dev. / sq rt (# observations)

Answer 6

standard error

Question 7

formula to compute statistics

Answer 7

estimator

Question 8

subset of a larger population where each chosen has an equal probability

Answer 8

random sampling

Question 9

population is grouped before random sampling

Answer 9

stratified random sampling

Question 10

observations of a characteristic for a number of individuals in a sample at a single time period

Answer 10

cross-sectional data

Question 11

observations of a characteristic of a single individual in a sample over a certain time period

Answer 11

time-series data

Question 12

observation of a single characteristic for a number of individuals over a certain time period

Answer 12

panel data

Question 13

observations of various characteristics for a single individual over time

Answer 13

longitudinal data

Question 14

value calculated from estimator

Answer 14

estimate

Question 15

range for which an estimated parameter lies within with a certain degree of confidence (probability 1-alpha)

Answer 15

confidence interval

Question 16

distorting statistical analysis with during collection

Answer 16

sample selection bias

Question 17

information not available at the time of estimation is used in the estimation

Answer 17

look-ahead bias

Question 18

when the time period of assay introduces error

Answer 18

time-period bias

Question 19

companies excluded from analysis because of going out of business

Answer 19

survivorship bias

Question 20

extensive searching until a statistically significant pattern emerges

Answer 20

data mining bias