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Research methods > Sampling > Flashcards

Sampling Flashcards

1
Q

What is a population?

A

Large group of people that a researcher is interested in studying

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2
Q

What is a sample?

A

The participants taking part in the experiment, drawn from a target population which it is presumed to be representative of.

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3
Q

What should a sample be?

A

Generalisable

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4
Q

What do we mean by generalisable sample?

A

Sample should be drawn to representative of the population

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5
Q

What are the 5 types of sampling techniques?

A
  • Opportunity sample
  • Volunteer sample
  • Random sample
  • Systematic sample
  • Stratified sample
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6
Q

What is opportunity sample?

A

-People who are most available

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7
Q

How to carry out an opportunity sample?

A

Ask people nearby

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8
Q

Strengths of opportunity sample:

A

Convenient and quick

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9
Q

Limitations of opportunity sample:

A

Biased = unrepresentative of target population

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10
Q

What is volunteer sample?

A

Participants select themselves

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11
Q

How to carry out a volunteer sample?

A

Advertisement to get the participants to volunteer

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12
Q

Strengths of volunteer sample:

A
  • Willing participants = more likely to engage

- Easy

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13
Q

Limitations of volunteer sample:

A

Biased sample = participants share similar traits (e.g keen, curious)
Cannot generalise to population

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14
Q

What is a random sample?

A

Everyone in the target population has an equal chance of being chosen

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15
Q

How to carry out a random sample?

A
  • Lottery method

- Individuals of target population given number, randomly select i.e by random number generator

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16
Q

Strengths of a random sample:

A

Unbiased = researcher has no influence over who is selected

17
Q

Limitations of a random sample:

A
  • Representation of population is not guaranteed
  • Time consuming a difficult
  • Selected participants may refuse to take part/
18
Q

What is a systematic sample?

A

Participants selected using a set pattern (sampling frame) - every nth person of the target population is selected

19
Q

How to carry out a systematic sample?

A

Every nth person is selected from a list of the target population

20
Q

Strengths of systematic sample:

A

Unbiased = objective

21
Q

Limitations of systematic sample:

A

Time and effort to make a complete list of population

22
Q

What is stratified sample?

A

Participants selected by their frequency in the target population

23
Q

How to carry out a stratified sample?

A

Strata are identified, relative percentage of strata represented in sample

24
Q

Strengths of stratified sample:

A

-Representative

25
Q

Weakness of stratified sample:

A

Stratification not perfect = complete representation is not possible as identified strata can’t reflect all the ways people are different.

Research methods (22 decks)

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