Samenvatting boek deel 2

Question 1

Will right or left lateralized TBI (PHI) patients suffer loss of consciousness more likely?

Answer 1

Left lateralized PHI patients

Question 2

What is hypovolemia?

Answer 2

Abnormally low blood volume

Question 3

What is the difference between impulsive loading and impact loading? (in TBI)

Answer 3

Impulsive loading = when the head moves as a result of motion imparted to some other part of the body

Impact loading = in which the head either strikes a stationary object or is struck by a moving object

Question 4

When do we call an injury a laceration?

Answer 4

When one of the meninges of the brain is torn.

Question 5

What is angular acceleration?

Answer 5

A combination of rotational and translational accelaration.

Question 6

What is ‘chronic traumatic encephalopathy’ (CTE)?

Answer 6

The occurence of progressive neuropathological changes when you experience repeated concussions.

Question 7

What do the terms ‘idiopathic, cryptogenic and symptomatic’ mean in epilepsy?

Answer 7

Idiopathic & cryptogenic epilepsies: have no known etiology

Symptomatic epilepsies: have a known etiology

Question 8

From which brain areas do partial seizures mostly originate?

Answer 8

Frontal or temporal lobes

Question 9

What are nonepileptic spells?

And what are 2 other names?

Answer 9

They may superficially resemble seizures, but the diagnosis implies a psychological origin.

Pseudo seizures & paroxysmal spells

Question 10

What is the difference between nonepileptic spells and epilepsy? (4x)

Answer 10

• Nonepileptic spells can have a longer duration than most true seizures
• The ability to recall the spell is higher
• There is cear consciousness during the event
• Patients with nonepileptic spells perform almost at normal levels on neuropsychological testing in comparison to epilepsy people

Question 11

What is the difference between cortical and subcortical dementia?

Answer 11

• In cortical dementia, mainly instrumental functions are effected. These are used to carry out behavior, and are the most highly evolved behaviors (functions such as language abilities, reasoning, and problem solving)
• In subcortical dementia, mainly fundamental functions are affected. These are crucial for surviving and emerge early in the development (such as attention, arousal, processing speed, motivation, and emotionality)

Question 12

What really differentiates PD patients from other patients with progressive dementia?

And with which 2 cognitive domains is this associated?

Answer 12

Abnormally slowed auditory evoked potential patterns

• Immediate verbal recall
• Visuoperceptual discrimination

Question 13

What are the 3 main behavioral changes associated with subcortical dementia?

Answer 13

1. Cognitive slowing (bradyphrenia)
2. Absence of aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia (these are classical symptoms of cortical dementia)
3. Emotional or psychiatric features (apathy, depression, personality change)