SAM I Exam I Material Flashcards
T/F: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common condition in large and giant breed dogs
True
Most common in Doberman Pinschers, Boxers, Cocker Spaniels, Irish Wolfhounds
T/F: Pulmonic stenosis responds well to balloon valvuloplasty
True
What do brick red mucous membranes indicate?
Erythrocytosis or Right-to-Left Shunt
List 3 differentials for hyperkinetic pulse:
Exercise, Anemia, PDA (shunt)
What is the appropriate treatment for Sinus Sick Syndrome?
Pacemaker
What type of medication is contraindicated to treat Tetralogy of Fallot?
Vasodilators
Vasodilators will exacerbate R-L shunting and hypoxia!
What is the most common clinical sign associated with Atrial Septal Defect?
None!
Most dogs with ASD are asymptomatic. Very severe cases may develop heart failure signs
__________ provides the definitive diagnosis for DCM
Echocardiography
- Left ventricular and left atrial enlargement with “flabby” ventricular walls.*
- **DCM is most commonly seen in Doberman Pinschers!***
T/F: PDAs are more common in females
True
With which cardiac disease is atrial fibrillation most associated?
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
However it also occurs in dogs with underlying heart disease
Diastolic murmurs indicate insufficiency where?
Aortic or pulmonary valve
T/F: Aortic Stenosis is more common in dogs than in cats and causes increased afterload, which results in left ventricular concentric hypertrophy
True
Left ventricular emptying is impaired because of high outflow resistance caused by a reduction in the valve orifice area when it opens. This high outflow resistance causes a large pressure gradient to occur across the aortic valve during ejection, such that the peak systolic pressure within the ventricle is greatly increased. This leads to an increase in ventricular afterload, a decrease in stroke volume, and an increase in end-systolic volume.

A wide P wave indicates:
left atrial enlargement
T/F: Signs of right heart failure eventually occur in patients with left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
False
Blood is shunted through the PDA from the aorta to the pulmonary artery (left to right). This leads to volume overload of the left heart, which may result in _left-sided congestive heart failure_.
Right heart failure may occur with RIGHT-TO-LEFT shunting PDAs
Sinus bradycardia occurs when the ventricular rate is too slow. What are the reference values for dogs and cats?

Under 60-70 bpm in dogs
Under 100 bpm in cats

The majority of cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in cats are due to:
taurine deficiency
Unlike in dogs, taurine is an essential amino acid in cats as they have a limited ability to synthesize taurine.
If the underlying cause can not be corrected, what is the only definitive treatment for a third-degree AV block?
Pacemaker
An R wave that is too tall indicates:
LV enlargement
T/F: Tall spiked T wave, prolonged PR interval, small P wave, and wide QRS are all indicative of hyperkalemia
False
Tall spiked T wave, small P wave, and wide QRS are all indicative of hyperkalemia. NOT prolonged PR interval
The location of the apical beat is the best place to hear:
mitral valve
In which breed is Boxer Cardiomyopathy most common?

…Boxers

T/F: A Holter monitor is useful for monitoring electrolyte disturbances
False
A Holter monitor is useful for monitoring arrhythmias
If an animal has cough, fatigue, dyspnea, and orthopnea at night or with any activity, what stage of left heart failure is the animal in?
Stage III
What are we looking at here?

Right Bundle Branch Block




























