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C2 GCSE ADDITIONAL SCIENCE > Salts and electrolysis > Flashcards

Salts and electrolysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

A substance dissolved in water

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2
Q

What are alkalis?

A

Soluble hydroxides

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3
Q

What are bases?

A

Substances that can neutralise acids

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4
Q

What is neutral?

A

Pure water

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5
Q

What makes a solution acidic?

A

H+ ions

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6
Q

What ions do all alkalis form when we add them to water?

A

OH- ions

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7
Q

How do we make salts?

A

acid + metal ——> a salt + hydrogen

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8
Q

When salts are formed by neutralising hydrochloric acid what are they?

A

Chlorides

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9
Q

When an acid reacts with an alkali what reaction takes place?

A

A neutralisation reaction

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10
Q

Give the general equation for a neutralisation reaction

A

Acid + Alkali —–> salt + water

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11
Q

When a neutralisation reaction happens what two ions react with eachother?

A

H+ and OH-

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12
Q

When we react an acid with an alkali how do we know when the acid is completely reacted?

A

We use an indicator

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13
Q

Name a salt that is used as a fertiliser to provide crops with nitrogen?

A

Ammonium nitrate

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14
Q

What is an insoluble solid?

A

A precipitate

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15
Q

How are soluble salts made?

A

Acids reacting with either; metals, insoluble bases or alkalis

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16
Q

What’s the problem with reacting acids and metals?

A

Not all metals are suitable, some are too reactive and some are not reactive enough

17
Q

When an insoluble base is added to the acid what happens?

A

It’s added until no more can react and the excess solid is filtered off

18
Q

What shows that an the acid and alkali have completely reacted to produce a salt solution?

A

An indicator

19
Q

What can we do to salt solutions to produce solid salts?

A

Crystalise them

20
Q

How are insoluble salts made?

A

Mixing solutions of ions so precipitate is formed

21
Q

Name two bases.

A

Metal oxides and hydroxides

22
Q

The salt produced in any reaction between

an acid and a base or alkali depends on…

A

The acid used and the metal in the base

23
Q

When ammonia dissolves in water what does it produce?

A

An alkaline solution

24
Q

Why are ammonium salts important?

A

For fertilisers

25
Q

What kind of ion is H+

A

Hydrogen ions

26
Q

What kind of ion is OH-

A

Hydroxide ions

27
Q

Which ion makes solutions acidic?

A

Hydrogen ions

28
Q

Which ion makes solutions alkaline?

A

Hydroxide ions

29
Q

What happens in neutralisation reactions?

A

Hydrogen ions react with Hydroxide ions to produce water

30
Q

What happens to the ions when an ionic substance is melted or dissolved in water?

A

The ions are free to move around in the solution

31
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Passing an electric current through ionic substances

that are molten to break them down into elements

32
Q

During electrolysis where to positively and negatively charged ions go?

A

Positively charged ions move to the negative electrode

Negatively charged ions move to the positive electrode

33
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A substance broken down by electrolysis

34
Q

What is electrolysis used for?

A

To electroplate objects

35
Q

At the negative electrode what happens to positive ions?

A

Gain electrons (reduction)

36
Q

At the positive electrode what happens to negative ions?

A

Lose electrons (oxidisation)

37
Q

How is aluminium constructed?

A

By the electrolysis of aluminium oxide and cryolite (molten mixture)

C2 GCSE ADDITIONAL SCIENCE (3 decks)

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