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C2 GCSE ADDITIONAL SCIENCE > How much? > Flashcards

How much? Flashcards

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1
Q

Concerning emperical formula, what does MADR stand for?

A

Mass
Relative atomic mass
Divide
Ratio

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2
Q

How do we found out the relative formula mass of a compound?

A

Add the relative formulas together

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3
Q

What is the formula for working out the % of element in a compound?

A

mass of element / total mass of compound x 100

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4
Q

How do we work out percentage yield?

A

product made / product possible x 100

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5
Q

What is a food additive?

A

A substance added to the food to improve its shelf life, taste or appearance

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6
Q

What technique is used to identify food additives?

A

Chromatography

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7
Q

What technique is used to separate compounds?

A

Gas chromatography

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8
Q

After the compounds are separated where are they taken to?

A

The mass spectrometer

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9
Q

In which part of the apparatus is the relative molecular mass of the compound measured?

A

Computer

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10
Q

What is a reversible reaction?

A

A reaction where products can react to make the reactants

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11
Q

How does a reversible reaction differ from a normal reaction?

A

Reversible reactions are able to make reactants out of products and products out of reactants

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12
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton, neutron and electron?

A

Proton -1
Neutron -1
Electron - Very small

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13
Q

What is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom called?

A

The mass number

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14
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms with different numbers of neutrons

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15
Q

What compares the mass of atoms of the element

with the 12C isotope?

A

The relative atomic mass of an element

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16
Q

What is the relative formula mass of a compound?

A

the relative atomic masses of the

atoms added together

17
Q

The relative formula mass of a substance, in grams,

is known as…

A

One mole of that substance

18
Q

Give 3 advantages of instrumental methods when analysing substances.

A

Accurate
Sensitive
Rapid
Useful when the sample is small

19
Q

What do we use to identify additives in food?

A

Chemical analysis (paper chromatography)

20
Q

What does gas chromatography allow?

A

The separation of a mixture in compounds

21
Q

What can we do with the time taken for a substance to travel through the column?

A

Identify the substance

22
Q

What does the mass spectrometer do?

A
  1. gives the relative molecular mass of each of the
    separated substances
  2. Identifies substances leaving at the end of the column
23
Q

What gives the molecular mass?

A

The molecular ion peak

24
Q

Why is it not always possible to

get the calculated amount of a product? (3 marks)

A
  1. The reaction may not get completed because it’s reversible
  2. Some of the product gets lost
  3. The expected reaction may not happen and the reactants may react differently
25
Q

What is the amount of product obtained called?

A

Yield

26
Q

How do you calculate the rate of a reaction?

A

time

27
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The minimum amount of energy particles need to react

28
Q

Explain the collision theory

A

Chemical reactions can only happen when reacting

particles collide with each other and have enough energy

29
Q

How does increasing temperature help the rate of reaction?

A

Particles gain energy when heated and move faster and collide more often

30
Q

How does increasing pressure help the rate of reaction?

A

Increases the frequency of collisions

31
Q

How does increasing concentration help the rate of reaction?

A

Increases the frequency of collisions

32
Q

How does increasing surface area help the rate of reaction?

A

Increases the frequency of collisions

33
Q

What do catalysts do?

A

Speed up the rate of chemical reactions

34
Q

In a chemical reaction does the catalyst get used up?

A

No

35
Q

Why are catalysts important in industry?

A

Speeds up the reaction and reduces cost

36
Q

When chemical reactions happen what is transferred to or from the surroundings?

A

Energy

37
Q

What kind of reaction transfers energy to the surroundings?

A

Exothermic

38
Q

What kind of reaction takes in energy from the surroundings?

A

Endothermic

39
Q

if a reversible reaction is exothermic in one direction, what is it in the other direction?

A

Endothermic

C2 GCSE ADDITIONAL SCIENCE (3 decks)

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