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chemistry: c4 > Salts > Flashcards

Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

How to make a soluble salt?

A

Insoluble base + acid

i.e metal oxide + acid –> salt + water

OR

Soluble base (basically alkali’s) + acid –>

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2
Q

How to make an insoluble salt?

A

not done yet

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3
Q

Testing for gases

A

carbon - milky lime water
oxygen - relight splint
hydrogen - squeaky pop
ammonia - red to blue litmus
chlorine - blue to red litmus

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4
Q

cation flame tests

A
  1. Add concentrated HCL to the flame (for stronger flame)

Lithium - Red

Sodium - yellow

Potassium - Lilac

Copper (II) - blue

(BYLR)

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5
Q

Testing for aqueous/transition metal ions

A
  1. Add aqueous NaOH to unknown solutions
  2. a precipitate is formed
  • Copper (II): blue
  • Iron (II): green slowly becomes reddish brown
  • Iron (III): reddish brown precipitate
  • Zinc: White
  • Calcium: White
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6
Q

How to test ammonium

A
  1. aqueous sodium hydroxide
  2. warm in water bath
  3. ammonia is formed (test: red paper –> blue)

OR

dip a glass rod in hydrochloric acid and held near the mouth of reaction vessel.
- thick white smoke is released (ammonium chloride)

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7
Q

Test for carbonate

A

Dilute acid, bubble gas produced through limewater.

Limewater should turn milky

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8
Q

Test for sulphates

A

Add barium __ solution. White precipitate form, is barium sulphate (insoluble in water).

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9
Q

Test for nitrates

A
  1. add sodium OH and aluminium powder
  2. heat gently in warm water bath

ammonia is released (red paper –> blue)

(no3 breaks down into ammonium which reacts with hydroxide to release ammonia)

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10
Q

cl, br

A
  1. dilute nitric acid
  2. aqueous silver nitrate
    silver percipitate

Cl = white
Br = cream
i = yellow

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11
Q

Acids turn litmus paper…

A

Red

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12
Q

Bases turn litmus paper…

A

blue

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13
Q

Metal + acid

A

salt + hydrogen

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14
Q

Metal oxide + acid

A

salt + water

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15
Q

Metal hydroxide + acid

A

salt + water

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16
Q

Metal carbonate + acid

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

17
Q

Titration is used when…

A

alkali (soluble base) + acid –> soluble salt

18
Q

Precipitation is used when..

A

Soluble salt + soluble salt –> soluble salt + insoluble salt

19
Q

Excess is used when..

A

Insoluble base + acid –> soluble salt

chemistry: c4 (3 decks)

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