Saltburn to Flamborough Head : high energy

Question 1

Where is the coastline located?

Answer 1

North Yorkshire

Question 2

How long is the coastline?

Answer 2

60km

Question 3

How high are the adjacent North York Moors?

Answer 3

400m above sea level

Question 4

What is the composition of the Moors?

Answer 4

Sandstone, shale and limestone - formed in the Jurassic period

Question 5

What is the geology of Flamborough Head?

Answer 5

• Chalk headland
• Cliffs topped with glacial till

Question 6

What is the wave direction?

Answer 6

North and North East

Question 7

What is the fetch of the waves?

Answer 7

> 1500km

Question 8

In what direction does LSD take place?

Answer 8

North to South

Question 9

What is the erosion rate of weak shale and clay?

Answer 9

0.6m per year

Question 10

What is the erosion rate of resistant sandstone and limestone?

Answer 10

<0.1m per year

Question 11

What are the average wave heights at Whitby Bay?

Answer 11

> 4m

Question 12

Which sediment cell is the coastline located within?

Answer 12

1d

Question 13

What is origin of the coastal sediment?

Answer 13

• Cliff erosion
• Offshore sediment, driven onshore after the last ice age
• Small fluvial deposition from the River Esk

Question 14

Why is fluvial deposition limited?

Answer 14

Construction of weirs and reinforced banks

Question 15

How much sediment was input between 2008-2011?

Answer 15

9245m³, relatively large due to Winter storms

Question 16

What is the placement of sedimentary rock?

Answer 16

Horizontally bedded, creating a vertical and steep cliff profile

Question 17

What are the cliffs at Flamborough Head composed of?

Answer 17

Resistant chalk, with strong mineral bonds

Question 18

How tall are the cliffs?

Answer 18

20-30m

Question 19

What angle are cliffs lowered to? Why?

Answer 19

40° due to mass movement of glacial till

Question 20

What coastal landscape feature can be found at Robin Hood’s Bay?

Answer 20

• Shore platform
• Slope ranges from 1° to 15°
• 500m wide

Question 21

What coastal landscape features may be found at Selwick’s Bay?

Answer 21

• Caves and arches in the chalk
• Stack at Green Stack’s Pinnacle
• > 50 gets
• Blowholes

Question 22

Where may beaches be found along the coastline?

Answer 22

Sheltered, low energy environments (e.g. Filey Bay)

Question 23

What prevents spits from forming by LSD?

Answer 23

High tidal range→3-6m

Question 24

How does the rock strata alternate?

Answer 24

Discordantly

Question 25

What two locations contain bays and headlands along the coastline?

Answer 25

Robin Hood’s Bay→Weak shale bay; resistant sandstone headlands

Flamborough Head→Resistant chalk headland; weak clay bays either side