Salmo Flashcards
What are general characteristics of genus Salmo?
FW and anadromous, iteroparous, slamonids, naturally occurring in N Atlantic basin (north eastern North America, thourghout most of Europe and european arctic).
Who are Salmo species most easily confused with?
most primitive members of Oncorhynchus
What distinguishes salmo Juves from other Salmonidae?
usually have red spots between the parr marks.
Which genus aside salmo have teeth on the vomer shaft?
oncorhynchus
How to distinguish an escaped ATL in the pacific?
Anal fin rays (8-12, whereas Pac Salmon have 13 or greater). ATL have ofter 3 large spots on their gill cover. ATL lack spots on their tails.
How to differentiate ATL fry from pac salmon:
long pectoral fins. they extend to the dorsal fin. Clear adipose fin seperates from brown trout.
what are the three recognized groups of ATL salmon?
Eastern North American, European, and Baltic.
How do you know that atlantic salmon survived in the atlantic refugia?
b/c they are genetically distinct from the european ones.
how long do atl samon parr spend in FW?
1-3 years
do atl have precocious males?
yes
how many winters at sea by the time ATL salmon are usually mature?
3-5
Juvenile Atlantics eat what?
mostly drift feeders, on chironomids and nymphs.
How does the shape of the trailing edge of the anal fin differ in the sexes of Atl Salmon?
the posterior edge of the anal fin is convex in adult males and concave in females and juveniles.
What are the leading factors to the decline of Atlantic salmon? What is now the main culprit?
over fishing, acid rain, habitat destruction, global warming and aquaculture. Acid rain is the big one.
How does farmed salmon affect the local stocks for Atlantic salmon?
interbreeding with wild stocks, sea lice
Distinguishing characteristics of a brown trout
black and some red spots on the body. pale haloes surround spots, and red spots occur only on the lower flanks. no spots on tail
how do you tell a brown trout from a clarki or rbt?
no spots on the tail
How to tell Trutta JUVES from rbt and clarki?
orange adipose fin.
Native distribution of brown trout
Native only to eurasia
What continent is Brown trout NOT found?
Antartica
What are anadromous populations of brown trout called?
sea trout
What are the two SW habitual choices that Brown trout make?
one type remain at sea for extended periods of one year or more like steelhead, while others remain near their estuaries and return to fresh water each winter, like cutthroat.
Which is the most variable species of all the salmonids?
brown trout, with up to 50 different species.
What is an example of brown trout being a species complex?
numerous examples of genetically distinct sympatric pairs within systems.
How are brown trout classified for feeding habits?
as opportunistic feeders
What time of year do brown trout spawn?
fall
how does the trailing edge of the anal fin differ amongst sexes for brown trout?
convex in males, concave in females
What is one of the most difficult salmonid to catch?
brown trout.
