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1 - IOE - Dental Anatomy > Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of salivary glands are there?
Where are they located?

A
  • 3 pairs
  • Parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands
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2
Q

Describe the parotid gland:
- Size
- Serous, mucous or mixed
- Are striated ducts presents
- How many main duct
- Nonspontaneous or spontaneous secretor
- Is the saliva hypotonic or isotonic

A
  • Largest
  • Serous
  • Striated ducts present
  • Collecting ducts end in single main duct
  • Nonspontaneous secretor
  • Hypotonic saliva
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3
Q

Describe the submandibular duct
- Size
- Serous, mucous or mixed
- Are striated ducts presents
- How many main duct
- Nonspontaneous or spontaneous secretor
- Is the saliva hypotonic or isotonic

A
  • Intermediate
  • Mixed, mainly serous
  • Striated ducts present
  • Collecting ducts end in single main duct
  • Nonspontaneous secretor
  • Hypotonic saliva
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4
Q

Describe the sublingual duct
- Size
- Serous, mucous or mixed
- Are striated ducts presents
- How many main duct
- Nonspontaneous or spontaneous secretor
- Is the saliva hypotonic or isotonic

A
  • Smallest
  • Mucous
  • Striated ducts not present
  • Collecting ducts end in many main ducts
  • Spontaneous secretor
  • Isotonic saliva
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5
Q

How to salivary glands develop

A
  • Proliferation of oral epithelial cells
  • Localised thickening grows into underlying ectomesenchyme
  • Formation of epithelial bud connected to surface by cord of epithelial cells + mesenchymal cells condensing around the bud
  • Oral epithelial-derrived tissue forms ducts and secretory elements of a salivary gland
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6
Q

What are the 2 main elements that salivary glands consist of

A
  • Glandular secretory tissue (Parenchyma)
  • Supporting connective tissue (Stroma)
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7
Q

What surrounds and protects a major salivary gland

A

Connective tissue that forms a capsule

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8
Q

What do septa do

A

Subdivide the gland into major lobes

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9
Q

What do acini produce

A

Primary secretion - varies according to the types of secretory cells within these structures

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10
Q

What do acini contain

A

Serous cells, mucous cells or mixed

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11
Q

What does secretory acini look like

A
  • Spherical shape
  • If only mucous cells, tubes
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12
Q

How can serous acini be distinguished from mucous acini

A

They produce watery fluid thats more protein rich + has less carbohydrate that mucous cells

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13
Q

How do mucous serous cells and mucous cells appear with staining

A
  • Serous cells - darker
  • Mucous cells - paler
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14
Q

How are serous cells arranged and what outline do they have

A
  • Arranged like pizza-slices
  • Wedge-shaped outline
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15
Q

Where are the nuclei and RER located in a serous cell

A

At the basal end of the cell, next to the connective tissue

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16
Q

What is at the proximal end of a serous cell

A

Dense, round secretory granules

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17
Q

What happens in the serous cell during mastication

A

Number of granules significantly decreases

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18
Q

What allow for communication & coordinationbetween adjacent serous cells

A

Gap junctions

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19
Q

What controls the passage of water and ions between serous cells

A

Tight junctions

20
Q

How is mucous acini arranged

A

Tubular arrangement - tubules have round profiles

21
Q

Where are nuclei located after stimulation of salivary secreation in mucous cells

A

Centrally located

22
Q

Where are nuclei located when mucous cells are unstimulated

A

Peripherally located

23
Q

When are nuclei flattened and compressed into the basal part of the cell

A

During conventional fixation methods

24
Q

What are myoepithelial cells

A

Contractile cells associated with secretory acini

25
Q

Where are myoepithelial cells found

A

Between the basal lamina and secretory/duct cells

26
Q

How do myoepithelial cells differ around acini and intercalated ducts

A

Around acini - Stellate-shaped body
Around intercalated ducts - Elongated

27
Q

What is the advantage of contraction of myoepithelial cells

A
  • Provide support for acini
  • Aid salivary flow from acini into duct system
  • Control secretory pressure
28
Q

What is the duct system within salivary glands

A

Network of tubules gradually increasing in diameter

29
Q

What are the 3 types of duct

A
  • Intercalated duct
  • Striated duct
  • Collecting duct
30
Q

What are termed the secretory ducts

A

Intercalated duct and striated duct

31
Q

Describe the intercalated duct

A
  • Smallest duct
  • Lined by epithelial cells w/ prominent nuclei & little cytoplasm
  • Vary in length w/ different major and minor salivary glands
  • Cells nearest to acini contain secretory granules
32
Q

Describe the striated duct

A
  • Recieve primary secretion from intercalated ducts to make up largest portion of the duct system
  • Cells have large, centrally positioned nucleus
  • Columnar cells - highly polarised
  • Luminal surfaces have short microvilli
  • Basal surfaces provide a large surface area provided w/ high energy levels
  • Site of electrolyte resorption + secretion w/out loss of water
33
Q

Describe the collecting duct

A
  • Largest of the 3 ducts
  • Located in interglobular connective tissue
  • Has pseudostratified epithelium w/ columnar and basal cells; only columnar cells reach lumen
34
Q

Describe the parotid gland’s acini and ducts

A
  • Enclosed within parotid capsule
  • Connective tissues form septa
  • Serous acini
  • Intercalated ducts are numerous and long
  • Striated ducts are numerous and round
35
Q

Describe the submandibular gland’s acini and ducts

A
  • Second largest salivary gland
  • Mixed serous/mucous secretion
  • Serous cells produce watery protein-rich fluid
  • Mucous cells produce a viscous mucin-rich product containing proteins
  • Serous acini are numerous
  • Intercalated ducts are shorter
  • Striated ducts are longer + more noticable
36
Q

Describe the sublingual gland’s

A
  • Consists of 7-15 small salivary glands (each with their own duct system)
  • Has mucous acini, and may have either serous acini or immature mucous acini (due to staining patterns)
  • Gland tissue grains through ducts of Rivinus
37
Q

Which ducts are usually absent in minor glands

A

Intercalated and striated ducts

38
Q

Where do the serous glands of Von Ebner drain in minor glands

A

Into the trench of the circumvallate papilae, located in front of the sulcus terminalis on the dorsum of the tongue

39
Q

Where are the anterior lingual minor glands located

A

Embedded within muscle near the ventral surface of the tongue

40
Q

Where are the posterior minor glands located

A

In the root of the tongue

41
Q

Describe minor glands secreation and their role

A
  • Secrete spontaneously and continuously
  • Important role in protecting and moistening the oral mucosa, especially at night when the major salivary glands are mostly inactive
42
Q

How are glands classified

A
  • Size
  • Position
  • Secretion (serous, mucous, mixed)
43
Q

Describe classifying glands by size

A
  • Divides them into major or minor
  • Major → discrete, enclosed by connective tissue capsule
  • Minor → Less discrete
44
Q

What classification, in terms of secretion, are the 3 glands

A
  • Parotid = 100% serous, 0% mucous
  • Submandibular = 10:1 S:M
  • Sublingual = 1:10 S:M
45
Q

Functions of saliva

A
  1. Initiates digestion - salivary amylase
  2. Antibacterial - substances combat bacterial colonisation
  3. Mineral protection
  4. Lubricant - Important in protection, swallowing and speech
  5. Taste - Solubilisation of food substances for transport to taste buds
  6. Hormone production - high levels of growth factors
46
Q

What happens to salivary glands as age increases

A
  • Reduction in amount of secretory tissue
  • Increase in connective tissue
  • Fat + inflammatory cells increase
  • Increase in non-striated intralobular ducts
  • In healthy unmedicated individuals, there is no reduction in the amount of saliva produced
47
Q

Why may a blockage occur in a collecting duct
What are symptoms

A
  • Sialoith stone
  • Swelling

1 - IOE - Dental Anatomy (13 decks)

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