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1 - IOE - Dental Anatomy > Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of salivary glands are there?
Where are they located?

A
  • 3 pairs
  • Parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands
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2
Q

Describe the parotid gland:
- Size
- Serous, mucous or mixed
- Are striated ducts presents
- How many main duct
- Nonspontaneous or spontaneous secretor
- Is the saliva hypotonic or isotonic

A
  • Largest
  • Serous
  • Striated ducts present
  • Collecting ducts end in single main duct
  • Nonspontaneous secretor
  • Hypotonic saliva
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3
Q

Describe the submandibular duct
- Size
- Serous, mucous or mixed
- Are striated ducts presents
- How many main duct
- Nonspontaneous or spontaneous secretor
- Is the saliva hypotonic or isotonic

A
  • Intermediate
  • Mixed, mainly serous
  • Striated ducts present
  • Collecting ducts end in single main duct
  • Nonspontaneous secretor
  • Hypotonic saliva
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4
Q

Describe the sublingual duct
- Size
- Serous, mucous or mixed
- Are striated ducts presents
- How many main duct
- Nonspontaneous or spontaneous secretor
- Is the saliva hypotonic or isotonic

A
  • Smallest
  • Mucous
  • Striated ducts not present
  • Collecting ducts end in many main ducts
  • Spontaneous secretor
  • Isotonic saliva
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5
Q

How to salivary glands develop

A
  • Proliferation of oral epithelial cells
  • Localised thickening grows into underlying ectomesenchyme
  • Formation of epithelial bud connected to surface by cord of epithelial cells + mesenchymal cells condensing around the bud
  • Oral epithelial-derrived tissue forms ducts and secretory elements of a salivary gland
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6
Q

What are the 2 main elements that salivary glands consist of

A
  • Glandular secretory tissue (Parenchyma)
  • Supporting connective tissue (Stroma)
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7
Q

What surrounds and protects a major salivary gland

A

Connective tissue that forms a capsule

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8
Q

What do septa do

A

Subdivide the gland into major lobes

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9
Q

What do acini produce

A

Primary secretion - varies according to the types of secretory cells within these structures

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10
Q

What do acini contain

A

Serous cells, mucous cells or mixed

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11
Q

What does secretory acini look like

A
  • Spherical shape
  • If only mucous cells, tubes
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12
Q

How can serous acini be distinguished from mucous acini

A

They produce watery fluid thats more protein rich + has less carbohydrate that mucous cells

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13
Q

How do mucous serous cells and mucous cells appear with staining

A
  • Serous cells - darker
  • Mucous cells - paler
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14
Q

How are serous cells arranged and what outline do they have

A
  • Arranged like pizza-slices
  • Wedge-shaped outline
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15
Q

Where are the nuclei and RER located in a serous cell

A

At the basal end of the cell, next to the connective tissue

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16
Q

What is at the proximal end of a serous cell

A

Dense, round secretory granules

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17
Q

What happens in the serous cell during mastication

A

Number of granules significantly decreases

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18
Q

What allow for communication & coordinationbetween adjacent serous cells

A

Gap junctions

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19
Q

What controls the passage of water and ions between serous cells

A

Tight junctions

20
Q

How is mucous acini arranged

A

Tubular arrangement - tubules have round profiles

21
Q

Where are nuclei located after stimulation of salivary secreation in mucous cells

A

Centrally located

22
Q

Where are nuclei located when mucous cells are unstimulated

A

Peripherally located

23
Q

When are nuclei flattened and compressed into the basal part of the cell

A

During conventional fixation methods

24
Q

What are myoepithelial cells

A

Contractile cells associated with secretory acini

25
Where are myoepithelial cells found
Between the basal lamina and secretory/duct cells
26
How do myoepithelial cells differ around acini and intercalated ducts
Around acini - Stellate-shaped body Around intercalated ducts - Elongated
27
What is the advantage of contraction of myoepithelial cells
- Provide support for acini - Aid salivary flow from acini into duct system - Control secretory pressure
28
What is the duct system within salivary glands
Network of tubules gradually increasing in diameter
29
What are the 3 types of duct
- Intercalated duct - Striated duct - Collecting duct
30
What are termed the secretory ducts
Intercalated duct and striated duct
31
Describe the intercalated duct
- Smallest duct - Lined by epithelial cells w/ prominent nuclei & little cytoplasm - Vary in length w/ different major and minor salivary glands - Cells nearest to acini contain secretory granules
32
Describe the striated duct
- Recieve primary secretion from intercalated ducts to make up largest portion of the duct system - Cells have large, centrally positioned nucleus - Columnar cells - highly polarised - Luminal surfaces have short microvilli - Basal surfaces provide a large surface area provided w/ high energy levels - Site of electrolyte resorption + secretion w/out loss of water
33
Describe the collecting duct
- Largest of the 3 ducts - Located in interglobular connective tissue - Has pseudostratified epithelium w/ columnar and basal cells; only columnar cells reach lumen
34
Describe the parotid gland’s acini and ducts
- Enclosed within parotid capsule - Connective tissues form septa - Serous acini - Intercalated ducts are numerous and long - Striated ducts are numerous and round
35
Describe the submandibular gland’s acini and ducts
- Second largest salivary gland - Mixed serous/mucous secretion - Serous cells produce watery protein-rich fluid - Mucous cells produce a viscous mucin-rich product containing proteins - Serous acini are numerous - Intercalated ducts are shorter - Striated ducts are longer + more noticable
36
Describe the sublingual gland’s
- Consists of 7-15 small salivary glands (each with their own duct system) - Has mucous acini, and may have either serous acini or immature mucous acini (due to staining patterns) - Gland tissue grains through ducts of Rivinus
37
Which ducts are usually absent in minor glands
Intercalated and striated ducts
38
Where do the serous glands of Von Ebner drain in minor glands
Into the trench of the circumvallate papilae, located in front of the sulcus terminalis on the dorsum of the tongue
39
Where are the anterior lingual minor glands located
Embedded within muscle near the ventral surface of the tongue
40
Where are the posterior minor glands located
In the root of the tongue
41
Describe minor glands secreation and their role
- Secrete spontaneously and continuously - Important role in protecting and moistening the oral mucosa, especially at night when the major salivary glands are mostly inactive
42
How are glands classified
- Size - Position - Secretion (serous, mucous, mixed)
43
Describe classifying glands by size
- Divides them into major or minor - Major → discrete, enclosed by connective tissue capsule - Minor → Less discrete
44
What classification, in terms of secretion, are the 3 glands
- Parotid = 100% serous, 0% mucous - Submandibular = 10:1 S:M - Sublingual = 1:10 S:M
45
Functions of saliva
1. Initiates digestion - salivary amylase 2. Antibacterial - substances combat bacterial colonisation 3. Mineral protection 4. Lubricant - Important in protection, swallowing and speech 5. Taste - Solubilisation of food substances for transport to taste buds 6. Hormone production - high levels of growth factors
46
What happens to salivary glands as age increases
- Reduction in amount of secretory tissue - Increase in connective tissue - Fat + inflammatory cells increase - Increase in non-striated intralobular ducts - In healthy unmedicated individuals, there is no reduction in the amount of saliva produced
47
Why may a blockage occur in a collecting duct What are symptoms
- Sialoith stone - Swelling

1 - IOE - Dental Anatomy (13 decks)

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