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1 - IOE - Dental Anatomy > Alveolar bone > Flashcards

Alveolar bone Flashcards

1
Q

What bones form the upper and lower jaw

A
  • 2 maxillary bones form the upper jaw
  • Mandible forms the lower jaw
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2
Q

What is the part of the maxillary/mandibular that supports + protects the teeth

A

Alveolar bone

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3
Q

What bones are on either side of the sockets of individual teeth

A
  • Cortical bone
  • Buccal and palatal alveolar plates
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4
Q

What lies between each socket

A

Interdental septa

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5
Q

What are the roots of multirooted teeth separated by

A

Interradicular septa

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6
Q

Where is the external (buccal/labial) alveolar plate thicker

A

On the buccal side of posterior teeth

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7
Q

Where is the internal (lingual) alveolar plate thicker?

A

Thicker on the palatal side of upper teeth

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8
Q

How does the lamina dura appear on clinical radiographs

A

As a thin, continuous opaque line outlining the socket wall

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9
Q

How may bones be classified?
Explain further

A
  1. Compact bone
    - Forms a dense solid mass
  2. Cancellous bone
    - Lattice arrangement of the individual bony trabeculae that surround marrow
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10
Q

What does the combination of compact and cancellous bone give

A

Maximum strength at minimum skeletal weight

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11
Q

Describe the composition of the alveolar bone

A
  • Mineralised connective tissue, supporting and protecting the teeth
  • Mineral component provides rigidity and resistance to compression - mostly Collagen Type I
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12
Q

What are the main functions of the alveolar bone

A
  • Provide support and protection for teeth
  • Can adapt based on psychological needs
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13
Q

Describe the organic matrix of the alveolar bone

A
  • Mostly collagen (mostly intrinsic collagen secreted by osteoblasts)
  • Collagen inserted as Sharpey’s fibres = extrinsic collagen
  • Major Collagen is Type I
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14
Q

Describe osteoids

A
  • Newly deposited, unmineralised bone matrix found at bone formation sites
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15
Q

In cancellous bone, what do bone layers or lamellae form

A

Trabeculae

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16
Q

Describe the bone marrow in young bone

A

Red and hematopoietic

17
Q

Describe bone marrow in older bone

A
  • Yellow
  • Loss of hematopoietic potential
  • Increased accumulation of fat cells
18
Q

What bone patterns are lamellae arranged into

A
  1. Circumferential lamellae:
    - At external and internal surfaces
    - Arranged into parallel layers
  2. Small concentric layers around a central neurovascular canal
19
Q

What is a haversian system

A

The central canal with 20 concentric lamellae

20
Q

Describe osteoblasts:
What are they
Where are they prominent
What are they in contact with
What do they secrete

A
  • Bone forming cells
  • Specialised connective tissue cells
  • Prominent where there’s active bone formation
  • In contact with underlying osteocytes
  • Secrete molecules controlling their own activity
21
Q

Describe osteocytes:
What are they
What do they represent

A
  • Cells lying within the bone
  • Represent osteoblasts trapped in the bone matrix
  • Induction of osteoclast induction
  • Primary mechano-sensors in the bone
22
Q

Describe osteoclasts
What are they
What happens once activated
What do they secrete
What do they express

A
  • Bone resorbing cells
  • Once activated, bone resorption occurs in 2 stages: Mineral phase and remaining organic matrix is removed
  • Secrete protons
  • Express receptors for hormones
23
Q

Describe osteoblasts in terms of:
Mesenchymal or hematopoietic
Where do they lie
What do they secrete
How are they incorporated into the bone matrix

A
  • Mesenchymal
  • Lie on surface of forming bone
  • Secrete and mineralise organic matrix
  • Incorporated into the bone matrix as osteocytes
24
Q

Describe osteocytes in terms of:
Mesenchymal or hematopoietic
Where do they lie
How do they communicate
Whats their role

A
  • Mesenchymal
  • Lie within bone and surrounded by bone matrix
  • Communicate with each other and w/ osteoblasts
  • Detect strain in bone
25
Q

Describe osteoclasts in terms of:
Mesenchymal or hematopoietic
What are they rich in
Why is the border ruffled

A
  • Hematopoietic
  • Rich in acid phosphate
  • Border pumps acid to dissolve bone mineral and enzymes, to degrade collagenous matrix
26
Q

Describe Sharpey’s fibres

A
  • Extrinsic collagen fibres from the PDL
  • Enter bone perpendicular to the surface
  • Less numerous but thicker
  • Degree of mineralisation in fibres varies
  • Embedded fibres may remain unmineralised at their centres or be fully mineralised
27
Q

Describe incremental lines in the alveolar bone

A
  • 1 line is a smooth regular line with several running in parallel
  • Reversal line - irregular, scalloped appearance
  • Reversal line marks bone surface at some point when resorption ‘reversed’ to formation
  • When resorption is no longer required, osteoclasts migrate away from the area + a layer of osteoblasts form a new bone

1 - IOE - Dental Anatomy (13 decks)

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