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ORAL HISTOLOGY > Salivary glands > Flashcards

Salivary glands Flashcards

1
Q

A complex fluid produced by the salivary glands.

A

Salivary

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2
Q

Group of compound exocrine glands secreting saliva

A

Salivary glands

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3
Q

It forms a film of fluid coating the teeth and mucosa thereby creating and regulating a healthy environment in the
oral cavity

A

Salivary

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4
Q

These are derived from the oral epithelium and consist of terminal secretory units leading into ducts that eventually open into the oral cavity

A

Parenchymal elements

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5
Q

The connective tissue forms a capsule around the gland
and extends into it, dividing groups of secretory units
and ducts into____ and ____

A

Lobes,
Lobules

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6
Q

The blood and lymph
vessels and nerves that supply the gland are contained within the ____

A

Connective tissue

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7
Q

Compound glands as they
have more than one tubule entering the main duct.

A

Salivary glands

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8
Q

A passage that allows the glandular secretion
emptied directly into an anatomic location where
the secretion is to be used.

A

duct

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9
Q

The architectural arrangement of
the salivary glands

A

Tubuloacinar

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10
Q

These are the secretory units

A

acini

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11
Q

Salivary glands are ____ while Tubuloacinar units are ____

(Merocrine, Apocrine, Exocrine)

A

Exocrine, Merocrine

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12
Q

The basic functional unit of a salivary gland

A

Acini

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13
Q

The terminal secretory unit
is made up of epithelial
secretory cells: ____ and ____ cells.

A

Serous, Mucous

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14
Q

Main tight junctional proteins

A

Claudin, occludin, and junctional adhesion molecules

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15
Q

Intercellular spaces of apical ends of cells are separated from the lumen by junctional complexes which are:

A

Tight junction (zona occludens)
Intermediate junction (zona adherens)
Desmosomes (maculae adherens)

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16
Q

T or F: mucous acini have larger lumen than serous acini

A

True

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17
Q

Pyramidal with a broad base on basement membrane

A

Serous secretory cells

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18
Q

Formed by glycolated proteins released into a vacuole

A

Zymogen granules

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19
Q

These cells show acid phosphates, esterases, glucuronidase, glucosidase and galactoside activity

A

Serous cells

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20
Q

Ribosomes consist of ___ and ____

A

RNA, Proteins

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21
Q

The proteins or the preproteins have an NH2
terminal extension of 16–30 amino acids called ____

A

signal sequence

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22
Q

It translates the encoded message sent by mRNA from the cell’s nucleus.

A

Ribosomes

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23
Q

A membranous cisternae of several stacks of 4 to 6 smooth surfaced saccules and functions to sort and modify proteins

A

Golgi Apparatus of serous cells

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24
Q

The most common modification of salivary proteins

A

Glycosylation

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25
Q

The carbohydrates of secretory glycoproteins include:

A

galactose, mannose, fructose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and sialic acid.

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26
Q

A multistep process that begins in the RER
and is completed in the Golgi apparatus.

A

Glycosylation

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27
Q

A rapid secretion a chain of granules released in the form of a string of pearls

A

Compound exocytosis

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28
Q

Serous cells devote how many percent of its capacity in the production of zymogen granules?

A

80%

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29
Q

Powerhouses for numerous synthetic and transportation process.

A

Mitochondria

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30
Q

These are seen with hydrolytic enzymes which help to destroy foreign material and worn out cell organelles

A

Lymphocytes

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31
Q

Specialized for the synthesis, storage, and secretion of a secretory product

A

Mucous and/or serous cells

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32
Q

Little or no enzymatic activity and probably
serve mainly for lubrication and protection of the oral tissues.

A

Mucous cells

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33
Q

Its ratio of carbohydrate to protein is greater and larger amounts of sialic acid are present.

A

Mucous cells

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34
Q

Special stains for mucous secretion in a cell

A

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) or Alcian blue

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35
Q

Large, consisting of several stacks of 10 to 12 saccules sandwiched between the basal RER and mucous droplets forming from the
trans face.

A

Golgi Apparatus of mucous cells

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36
Q

Stellate or spider-like, with a flattened nucleus, scanty perinuclear cytoplasm and long branching processes that embrace the secretory and duct cells

A

Myoepithelial cells

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37
Q

Stellate or spider-like, with a flattened nucleus, scanty perinuclear cytoplasm and long branching processes that embrace the secretory and duct cells

A

Myoepithelial cells

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38
Q

Their appearance is reminiscent of a basket cradling the secretory unit, hence the terms ‘basket cell

A

Myoepithelial cells

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39
Q

T/F: Serous cells have larger lumen while Mucous cells have smaller lumen

A

FALSE: Serous cells have smaller lumen while Mucous cells have larger lumen

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40
Q

The presence of ______ confirms the epithelial origin of myoepithelial cells.

A

Cytokeratin

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41
Q

T/F: The ductal system actively participates
in the production and modification of saliva, thus, it is not just a passageway.

A

TRUE

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42
Q

Smallest ducts in the salivary gland

A

Intercalated ducts

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43
Q

Two types of intralobular ducts

A

Intercalated duct

Striated duct

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44
Q

These ducts receive saliva from the intercalated ducts, and form the largest portion of the duct system

A

Striated duct

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45
Q

Lined by a single layer of low cuboid cells and these help modify the saliva through secretory and absorptive process.

A

Intercalated ducts

46
Q

Site of electrolyte reabsorption especially of sodium and chloride, and secretion of potassium and bicarbonate

A

Striated ducts

47
Q

As the excretory duct enlarges it contains two layers: ___ and the out connective tissue ____

A

Mucosa, Adventitia

48
Q

Mucosal epithelium at first: ______ epithelium
then the ductal epithelium changes into _____ epithelium, and finally into _____

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

stratified cuboidal epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

49
Q

These cells have long branching processes and are involved in processing and presentation of foreign antigens to T-lymphocytes and in
immune surveillance.

A

Dendritic cells

50
Q

Two immunoglobulins secreted into saliva

A

IgG and IgM

51
Q

Duct with the largest diameter

A

Excretory duct

52
Q

Nerve supply of the Salivary glands

A
  • Both postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
53
Q

The postganglionic fibers reach the gland through the nerves ___ and ____.

A

Lingual and Auriculotemporal N.

54
Q

Two patters of secretory cells receiving the innervation

A

Intraepithelial type and subepithelial type

55
Q

Salivary glands are most commonly grouped based on:

A

Size and location (major/ minor, lingual/ labial)

Histochemical nature of secretory product (serous and mucous)

56
Q

Three bilaterally paired major salivary glands

A

Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual glands

57
Q

Largest major salivary gland

A

Parotid Gland

58
Q

The parotid is ___ cm craniocaudally and __ cm ventrodorsally. It weighs between __ and __ grams.

A

5.8 cm, 3.4 cm, 14 and 28 grams

59
Q

Main excretory duct of Parotid gland is called ___ and it opens at a papilla in front of ___ tooth

A

Stensen’s duct, maxillary second molar

60
Q

Parotid gland nerve supply

A

Presynaptic – Glossopharyngeal
Post synaptic -auriculotemporal nerve

61
Q

The parotid receives its blood supply from ___ and the lymphatic drainage is via ___ into ___

A
  • Branches of external carotid artery,
  • Paraparotid and intraparotid lymph nodes
  • superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes
62
Q

The parotid gland is a pure ____ gland

A

Serous

63
Q

Second largest salivary gland

A

Submandibular gland

64
Q

Main excretory duct of Submandibular gland

A

Wharton’s duct

65
Q

Submandibular gland opens at __

A

sublingual papillae also called the caruncula sublingualis

66
Q

Submandibular gland blood and nerve supply

A

Lingual and Facial arteries.

Facial Nerve - chorda tympani

67
Q

Lymphatic drainage of Submandibular gland

A

deep cervical and jugular chain of nodes

68
Q

T/F: Submandibular is a compound acinar gland

A

False. Branched tubuloacinar gland

69
Q

Submandibular gland is both serous and mucous but dominantly ___

A

Serous

70
Q

Mucous terminal portions are capped by ___

A

Serous demilunes/ demilunes

71
Q

Smallest of the major salivary
glands which is almond shaped

A

Sublingual gland

72
Q

Main duct of sublingual gland

A

Bartholin’s duct

73
Q

T/F: Pure serous acini are rare or absent in sublingual gland

A

True

74
Q

Blood and nerve supply of sublingual gland

A

sublingual and the submental arteries

Facial Nerve (chorda tympani)

75
Q

Sublingual gland lymph drainage

A

Submandibular lymph nodes

76
Q

These glands usually consist of several small groups of secretory units opening via short ducts directly into the mouth.

A

Minor salivary glands

77
Q

T/F: There are 600 to 1000 minor salivary glands lying in the oral cavity and the oropharynx

A

True

78
Q

A minor salivary gland consisting mucous cells only

A

Labial glands

79
Q

Minor salivary glands with pure mucous cells

A

Labial, Glossopalatine, Palatine,

80
Q

T/F: The anterior lingual glands are purely mucous while the posterior lingual glands are mixed.

A

True

81
Q

The posterior lingual serous glands are also called as ___

A

Von Ebner’s glands

82
Q

Most interesting minor salivary glands as the secretion serves to wash out trough of papillae and ready the taste receptors

A

Von Ebner’s glands or Posterior lingual serous glands

83
Q

The fatty acids, monoglycerides and diglycerides produced by _____ help emulsify fat and increase pancreatic efficiency

A

Lingual lipase

84
Q

T/F: Major salivary glands do not contain capsule while Minor Salivary glands have capsules.

A

False. Major: capsulates, Minor: no capsules

85
Q

T/F: salivary glands arise from the entoderm of the oral cavity

A

False. Ectoderm

86
Q

T/F: salivary glands arise from the entoderm of the oral cavity

A

False. Ectoderm

87
Q

T/F: Minor salivary glands first develop followed by Major salivary glands

A

False. Minor salivary glands are developed after the major salivary glands

88
Q

The primordia of the parotid and submandibular glands of humans appear during the __ week, whereas the primordium of the sublingual gland appears after __ to __
weeks of fetal life.

A

6th, 7, 8

89
Q

The minor salivary glands begin their development during the ___ month

A

third

90
Q

The primordium of salivary glands is divided into ___ and ___ cells

A

pregland, preduct

91
Q

The ___ cells take part in
the formation of acini whereas the ____ cells are again divided into anterior and posterior domain.

A

pregland, preduct

92
Q

First stage in the development of salivary glands

A
  1. formation of analogue and the development of the gland with dichromatic branched
    ducts.
93
Q

Second stage in the development of salivary glands

A
  1. The 2nd stage shows further differentiation of the gland with early formation of lobules and canalization of the ducts.
94
Q

The second stage of salivary glands development lasts till the __ embryonal month

A

7th

95
Q

Third stage of the development of salivary glands

A
  1. Begins in the 8th embryonal month and leads to further structural maturation of the gland with acinar cells and intercalated duct differentiation.
96
Q

The physiologic control of salivary gland secretion is mediated through the activity of the ___

A

Autonomic nervous system

97
Q

___ fibers of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions innervate the secretory cells.

A

Postganglionic

98
Q

The release of neurotransmitter from the vesicle in the nerve terminals adjacent to parenchymal cells stimulates discharge of secretory granules, secretes water and electrolytes and contraction of myoepithelial
cells. This process is called ___

A

Stimulus secretion coupling

98
Q

The release of neurotransmitter from the vesicle in the nerve terminals adjacent to parenchymal cells stimulates discharge of secretory granules, secretes water and electrolytes and contraction of myoepithelial
cells. This process is called ___

A

Stimulus secretion coupling

99
Q

Activates both a- and b-adrenergic receptors

A

Norepinephrine

100
Q

Saliva consists primarily of ___ accounting for 99%

A

water

101
Q

Inorganic ions comprising 1%:

A

Secretory proteins
Main electrolytes: Na, K, Ca, Cl, HCO3, HPO4

102
Q

The total volume of saliva secreted by humans
is approximately __ to __ ml daily,

A

750 to 1000

103
Q

Saliva production: ___ gland accounts for 60%, the ___ about 30% and the __ about 5% or less, and about 1% of saliva is derived from the ___

A

submandibular gland, parotid, sublingual, minor salivary glands.

104
Q

The pH of whole saliva varies from __ to __

A

6.4 to 7.4 pH

105
Q

The parotid salivary pH varies from __ to __

A

pH of 6.0 to 7.8.

106
Q

The primary buffering system of saliva is formed by __

A

Bicarbonates

107
Q

A large group of salivary proteins is called

A

proline rich proteins

108
Q

The antioxidant defense mechanism is exerted by ___ acid and ___ acid.

A

Uric, ascorbic

109
Q

Functions of Saliva

A

Protection and Lubrication
Antimicrobial action
Mucosal Integrity
Dilution and Cleansing
Buffer capacity and Remineralization
Deglutition
Digestion
Taste
Phonation
Excretion

110
Q

One of the most common surface lesions of the oral mucosa is a vesicular elevation called __

A

Mucocele

ORAL HISTOLOGY (3 decks)

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