Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

week 80 > Salivary Gland Pathology: > Flashcards

Salivary Gland Pathology: Flashcards

1
Q

Parotid Gland

A
  • Serous
  • most likely to get a tumor
    • ⅔ are benign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Submandibular Gland

A
  • Serous + Mucus
  • 26-45% are malignant
  • Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: 11-17%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sublingual Glands

A
  • Mucus
  • 1% of all Salivary Gland Tumors
    • 70-90% are malignant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Minor Glands

A
  • 40-50% are malignant
  • smaller the gland, more likely its malignant
  • Palate> Upper Lip> Buccal Mucosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Salivary Gland Aplasia

A
  • 1+ major Salivary gland does not develop
  • can occur alone or associated with:
    • Mandibulofacial dysotosis
      • (Treacher Collins syndrome)
    • Hemifacial microsomia
    • Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Salivary Gland Aplasia: Oral Manifestations

A
  • Salivary Deficiency
  • caries due to “dry mouth”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Salivary Gland Aplasia: Treatment

A
  • Artificial saliva or stimulating salivary flow
    • Pilocarpine
    • Cevimeline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Salivary Gland Aplasia is associated with what other diseases?

A
  • Mandibulofacial dystosis
    • Treacher Collins Syndrome
  • Hemifacial microsomia
  • lacrimo-articulo-dento-digital syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mucocele

A
  • ruptured salivary duct
    • mucin into soft tissue
  • Lower Lip-most common
  • Superficial Mucoceles:
    • lichenoid reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mucocele: Clinical Appearance

A
  • dome shaped swelling
    • bluish translucent hue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mucocele: Treatment

A
  • Local excision and removal of feeding gland/duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ranula

A
  • mucocele on the floor of the mouth
    • associated with sublingual or submandibular gland
  • Location:
    • Duct of Rivinus or Bartholin Duct
  • Plunging or Cervical Ranula:
    • if it continues to grow=swelling in the neck
    • goes into mylohyoid facial planes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ranula: Treatment

A
  • Surgical excision along with feed gland/duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Salivary Duct Cyst

A
  • aka Mucous Retention Cyst
  • TRUE cyst w/epithelium lining
  • Develops secondary to duct blockage
    • major gland=parotide gland→Most common
    • Minor Glands→ floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, lips
  • Ductal ectasia
    • due to blockage and increased intraluminal pressure
    • not a true cyst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Salivary Duct Cyst: Clinical Appearance

A
  • soft, fluctuant swelling w/bluish hue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Salivary Ductal Cyst: Histo

A
  • Dx: Papillary cystadenoma
    • if extensive proliferation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sialolithiasis

A
  • AKA Salivary gland stones
  • calcified structures in the salivary duct system
    • 80% in submandibular glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sialadenitis

A
  • infection of the salivary duct→ inflammation
    • Viral
      • Mumps (most common)
      • CMV (infants)
      • ECHO
      • HIV
    • Bacterial
      • normally due to Sialoliths or decreased flow
      • S. aureus and streptococci
        • most common
    • Non-infectious:
      • Radiation
      • Allergy
      • Sjogren Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cheilitis Glandularis

A
  • Inflammation of minor salivary gland
    • swollen (lower) Lips
    • glands retain mucin
  • 3 types:
    • Simple
    • Superficial suppurative
      • Baelz disease
      • bacterial involved
    • Deep suppurative
      • Cheilitis glandular apostematosa
      • bacterial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cheilitis Glandularis; Etiology

A
  • Actinic damage=UV radiation
  • Tobacco
  • hereditary
  • Hygiene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cheilitis Glandular: histo

A
  • concomitant dysplastic changes
    • can transform into SCC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cheilitis Glandularis: Tx

A
  • Vermillionectomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma

A
  • only minor salivary glands
    • PRKD1 somatic point mutation (E710D)
  • Location:
    • hard or soft palate-Mainly
  • Bleeding or discomfort
  • infiltrate bone
  • “Polymorphous”
    • multiple growth patterns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sialorrhea

A
  • Excessive Salivation
  • Types:
    • Minor
    • True Sialorrhea
    • Relative sialorrhea
    • idiopathic paroxysmal sialorrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sialorrhea: Tx
* Medication * Sever Chorda tympani-no parasympathetic stimulation
26
Minor Sialorrhea
* Local Irritation * aphthous ulcers * ill-fitting dentures * Episodic hypersecretion due to GERD
27
True Sialorrhea
* Rabies * Heavy-metal poisoning * Antipsychotic agents: * Clozapine * Cholinergic agonists to treat: * Dementia of the Alzheimer type * Myasthenia Gravis
28
Relative Sialorrhea
* Lack of neuromuscular control * seen in patients w/cognitive impairments * Surgical resection of the mandible * Cerebral Palsy * Parkinson Disease * ALS * Stroke
29
Idiopathic Paroxysmal Sialorrhea
* short episodes (2-5 mins) of excess salivation * Prodrome of nausea or epigastric pain
30
Xerostomia
* Sensation of dry mouth * due to decreased salivary flow/secretions * Older population * Increased Candidal infection
31
Xerostomia: Etiology
* Development * salivary Gland Aplasia * Water/Metabolite loss * Iatrogenic * medication * Radiation * Chemotherapy * Systemic Disease * Sjogren's * Local factors * Smoking * mouth breathing
32
Xerostomia: Clinical Features
* _Saliva is thick and “ropey”_ * Mucosa appears dry * glove sticks to mucosal surfaces * Dorsal tongue-fissured w/atrophy of filiform papillae
33
Xerostomia: Treatment
* Salivary Stimulation * pilocarpine * 5-10mg * 3-4x/day
34
Sjogren Syndrome
* AKA Sicca Syndrome * immunological destruction of the salivary glands & lacrimal glands * autoimmune condition * Females 9x more than Male * High Associations with RA * Results in Xerostomia (Dry mouth) and Xerophthalmia (Dry eyes) * Types: * primary * only immunologic disorders in the patient * Secondary * due to another autoimmune disease
35
Sjogren's Syndrome: Relationship with genetics
* HLA found in greater frequency * HLA-DRw52 * both forms * HLA-B8 & HLA-DR3 * primary SS * EBV is related somehow
36
Sjogren's Syndrome: Clinical Features
* fi_ssured tongue w/atrophied papillae_ * Xerostomia * _Altered Taste_ * Red and tender oral mucosa * secondary candissais * _⅓ to ½→enlargement of major salivary glands_ * increased risk of Sialadenitis and Lymphomas
37
Sjogrens Syndrome: Classification criteria
* must have 2 of 3 * + RO-SSA and/or La-SSB antigen * or * + RA and antinuclear antibody(ANA) titer ≥ 1:320 * **Labial Salivary gland biopsy:** * **focal lymphocytic sialenditis** * **focus score ≥ 1 focus/4mm** * Keratoconjunctivitis siccca * ocular staining score ≥4
38
Sjogren's Syndrome: Lab Tests
* Erythrocyte sédimentation rate=High * Elevated serum Ig levels * especially IgG * + Rheumatoid Factor in 60% of cases * **ANAs in 75-85% of patients:** * **Ro (SS-A) and La (SS-B)**
39
Sjogren's Syndrome: Treatment
* Pilocarpine or cevimeline * increased risk of lymphoma * 40x higher than normal * _B-cell monoclonality (MALT Lymphoma)_
40
Sialadensosis
* AKA Sialosis * dysregulation of autonomic innervation of salivary acini→uncontrolled secretion * Increased acini size * Bilateral
41
Sialadenosis: Treatment
* control the underlying cause * Endocrine disorders * diabetes * hypothyroidism * pregnancy * Nutritional conditions * Alcoholism * Eating disorders * Neurogenic medications
42
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
* inflammatory condition of the salivary glands * local destruction * ischemia→ infarction (obstruction of blood supply) * Minor SG * palate (most common)
43
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia: Causes
* Trauma * poor fitting denture * Previous Surgeries * Eating disorders w/binge-purging
44
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia: Clinical Appearance
* Associated w/pain and paresthesia * Unilateral (normally) * Males 2x * starts as swelling→turns into ulceration * “a part of my palate fell out”
45
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia: Treatment
* None needed * disappears in 5-6 weeks
46
Define Adenoma
* Benign neoplasm * derived from glandular cells
47
Define Carcinoma
* Malignant neoplasm * derived from epithelial cells
48
Define Sarcoma
* Malignant neoplasm * derived from mesenchyme cells * ex: fat, muscle, bone, blood vessels
49
Define Lymphoma
* Malignant neoplasm * derived from lymphocytes
50
Define Melanoma
* Malignant neoplasm * derived from melanocytes
51
Define: Germ Cell tumor
* Malignant neoplasm * derived from germ cells
52
Salivary Gland Tumors
* 60-80% are parotid gland tumors * the smaller the gland is, the greater the likelihood of malignancy * except rare sublingual tumors
53
Pleomorphic Adenoma
* Aka Benign Mixed tumor * Adults & Children=MOST COMMON * can become carcinoma * **PLAG1 gene mutation**
54
Pleomorphic Adenoma: Clinical Features
* Painless, slow growing * Movable; Bigger=stiff * Major SG= superficial lobe of parotid gland * Minor SG= Palate
55
Pleomorphic Adenoma: Histo
* Major SG * encapsulated * Minor SG: * partially encapsulated
56
Oncocytoma
* rare→1% of all salivary tumors * Oncocytes: * composed of large epithelial cells * ⇡ Mitocondrial count= ⇡ eosinophilic granular cytoplasm * inflammatory disorders or other situations that cause cellular stress
57
Oncocytoma: Clinical Features
* slow growing, painless mass * Firm * Location: * Superficial Lobe of Parotid Gland * Females
58
Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum
* AKA warthin tumor * **parotid gland ONLY** * near angle of mandible * Etiology: uncertain * proliferation of gland duct epithelium associated w/secondary formation of lymph tissue * strong association w/ smoking
59
Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum: Clinical Features
* Exclusively parotid gland * Firm or fluctuant to palpation * older population (6-7th decade)
60
Canalicular Adenoma
* rare * Upper Lip * very/most common (75%) * most common tumor here * can be mistaken for mucocele * normal or bluish color
61
Canalicular Adenoma: Histo
* Single layered cords of columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells
62
Basal Cell Adenoma
* Basaloid appearance of tumor cells
63
Basal Cell Adenoma: Clinical Features
* Slow growing, freely movable mass * **Primary→Parotid Gland** * **Secondary→minor salivary glands in upper lip and buccal mucosa**
64
Basal Cell Adenoma: Histo
* mostly encapsulated * **jigsaw puzzle**
65
Ductal Papillomas
* Sialadenoma papilliferum * minor salivary glands on palate * Intraductal Papilloma * Minor Salivary glands * ill-defined borders * submucosal swelling * Inverted Ductal papilloma * Lower lip and mandible vestibule * asymptomatic nodules
66
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC)
* most common malignant salivary gland tumor * Location: * Parotid gland=Most common * If a minor salivary gland→palate * may be mistaken as a mucocele * Intraosseous tumors can develop in jaw
67
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: Histo
* 3 grades * Low→ \<20% intracystic component * intermediate→ Neural involvement * high→ necrosis
68
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: Treatment
* Early stage: * remove parotid * preserve CN 7 (facial nerve) * Late Stage: * remove parotid & CN7 * Minor glands * excision * Post operative radiotherapy
69
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: Prognosis
* Submandibular is worse than parotid * Early stage-good
70
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: Intraosseous manifestation
* Most common intrabony salivary tumor * looks like odontogenic cyst/tumor * Females
71
Acinic Cell Carcinoma
* Serous Acinar differentiation * Parotid Gland * slow growing mass for months or years * asymptomatic * Mitotic activity=rare
72
Secretory Carcinoma
* similar to secretory carcinoma of breast * Parotid gland * most common * Genetic: * Translocation= ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene * Low grade malignancy * good prognosis
73
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
* Minor salivary glands=most common * Palate * Females
74
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Clinical Features
* Pain as the tumor grows * dull ache that gets worse * can cause facial paralysis * ulceration of mucosa over tumor * Tumor in palate or maxillary sinus→ radiographic bone destruction
75
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Histo
* **Swiss cheese appearance** * Perineural invastion
76
Adenocarcinoma No Otherwise Specified (NOS)
Types * Microsecretory Adenocarcinoma * Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma * Salivary Duct Carcinoma
77
Microsecretory Adenocarcionma
* Type of Salivary Adenocarcinoma NOS * Low grade * use RNA sequencing for diagnosis
78
Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma
* Type of Salivary Adenocarcinoma NOS * Malignant transformation of Pleomorphic adenoma * Mass present for long time * Most common in parotid
79
Salivary Duct Carcinoma
* Type of Salivary Adenocarcinoma NOS * Resembles High-grade breast ductal cancer * 90% are HIGH GRADE

week 80 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions