Salivary gland disease Flashcards

1
Q

List the major salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
sublingual

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2
Q

Where are minor salivary glands found

A

Palate
lips

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3
Q

Which nerves are close to the parotid gland

A

Facial nerve

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4
Q

What can block major salivary glands

A

Stones
Strictures

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5
Q

What can major salivary gland pathology lead to

A

Dry mouth only if multiple major glands affected

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6
Q

What can cause dry mouth

A
  1. Drugs
  2. Radiotherapy
  3. Sjogrens disease
  4. Anxiety
  5. Dehydration
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7
Q

What can lumps in the salivary gland be due to

A
  1. Blocked glands
  2. Sialosis
  3. Salivary gland timour
  4. Lymph nodes
  5. Stones/ tumours
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8
Q

What can cause lymph node swelling

A
  1. infection
  2. Metastatic cancer
  3. Lymphoma
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9
Q

Which gland is most commonly blocked

A

Submandibular glands

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10
Q

Why do salivary gland blockages cause pain

A

As saliva can’t escape which can increase pressure causing swelling and pain

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11
Q

How can we manage salivary gland stones

A
  1. Papillotomy
  2. Basket retrieval (specialist)
  3. Duct dilation
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12
Q

How can we identify where salivary ducts are in the head and neck

A

Sialogrpahy

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13
Q

What can cause a patient to get an acute infection in the salivary glands

A
  1. Elderly
  2. Dehydration
  3. Acutely unwell
  4. High temp
  5. Raised white blood cell count
  6. Swelling over gland
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14
Q

How do we treat salivary gland acute infections

A
  1. Rehydration
  2. Analgesia
  3. Antibiotics
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15
Q

Give some examples of how chronic infections present in salivary glands

A
  1. Recurrent infection
  2. Pain
  3. May have little to no symtpoms for month
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16
Q

How do we manage chronic infections

A
  1. Supportive managmetn
  2. Antibiotics if necessary
  3. Surgery
17
Q

Why can surgery be difficult when treating chronic infection

A

Due to scarring of the salivary glands

18
Q

What can cause dry mouth

A
  1. Drugs
  2. Radiotherapy
  3. Chronic infection
  4. Sjogrens
  5. Anxiety
19
Q

What are the effects of dry mouth on the oral mucosa

A

Increased risk of
1. Caries
2. Periodontal disease
3. Mucosa ulcerations

20
Q

What is sialosis

A

Painless swelling of the glands

21
Q

Which gland is most commonly affected ny sialosis

22
Q

What can increase risk of sialosis

A

Diabetes
Alcohol
Drugs

23
Q

How do we treat sialosis

A

Usually resolves in their own

24
Q

Name the different types of salivary gland cysts

A

Mucus retention cyst
Mucus extravasation cyst

25
What is a mucus retention cyst
Blockage of saliva within the gland or duct Most common affects minor glands
26
What is a mucus extravasaiotn cyst
Escape of salvia from traumatised glands or ducts Most common affects Minor and sublingual glands
27
Give an example of a mucus cyst that is common
Ranula found at the floor of the mouth
28
What is a plunging ranula
A ranula int eh floor of the mouth that extends to through the mylohyoid muscle leading to neck swellings
29
Where are lip mucoceoeles found
NEVER IN THE UPPER LIP (more commonly salivary gland tumours)
30
How can we manage mucoceles
1. Can leave and let it heal 2. Cyotherapy 3. Excision
31
How do we manage minor salivary gland tumours
Wide local excision Heminimaxillectomy
32
What are some complications that can arise follow salivary gland surgery
Skin numbness Facial nerve weaknessH Scar Sialocoele Frey’s syndrome
33
What are some complications that can arise follow salivary gland surgery
Skin numbness Facial nerve weaknessH Scar Sialocoele Frey’s syndromeW
34
What is Freys syndrome
Sweating of a patch of skin over the salivary gland at meal times or when thinking of food
35
What are seen common causes xerstomia
1. Drug induced 2. Sjogrens 3. Behcets 4. trauma to salivary glands 5. Dehydration 6. mouth breathing
36
What tests might we carry out for patients with sjogrens syndrome
1. Salivaryflow rate 2. Culture for candidial count 3. Stiumuated parotid flow 4. Full blood test 5. Autoantibody screening 6. Glucose test 7. Salivary glans sialogrpahy or ultrasonography 8. eye tests
37
How can we manage dry mouth
1. Treat any candidiasis 2. Help preserve salivary secretion by sipping on water 3. Avoid drugs that cause dry mouth 4. Sugar free chewing gum 5. Avoid sweets or coarse of citrus fruit 6. Prescribe high floruide tooth paste 5000ppm 7. Dietary analysis 8. treat caries 9. Consider salivary substitutes 10. Watch out for salivary gland swellings