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Yr 1 oral cavity > Saliva > Flashcards

Saliva Flashcards

1
Q

what is the optimal pH of saliva

A

7.4

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2
Q

what is in the inorganic composition of saliva

A 
Na+ 
Ca2+
F-
HCO3-
PO4-
Cl-
H2O
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3
Q

what is Ca2+ used in saliva and how are they found

A

maintains saliva supersaturated
remineralisation of enamel
free or bound to proteins or calcium phosphate complexes

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4
Q

what is F- used in saliva

A

Enamel protection

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5
Q

what is HCO3- used in saliva

A

buffers by neutralising the acid

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6
Q

what is PO4- used in saliva

A

remineralisation of enamel

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7
Q

how much water is there in saliva

A

99%

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8
Q

under normal pH saliva what happens to the calcium

A

calcium bound to salivary protein

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9
Q

under acidic pH saliva, what happens to the calcium

A

calcium is released from the protein to prevent demineralisation of enamel

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10
Q

what happens as more saliva is produced

A

saliva production increases
inorganic material released increases
more concentrated saliva

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11
Q

what is the main main organic composition of saliva

A 
carbohydrates
glucose
lipids
cortisol
amino acids
urea
ammonia
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12
Q

what are the other things that are part of the organic composition of saliva

A 
CHILLSSMAC
cystatin
histatin
Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
lactoferrin
lysozyme
statherin
sialperoxidase
mucin
amylase + lipase
carbonic anhydrase
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13
Q

what is the function of cystatin

A

protease inhibition which host defence mechanism

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14
Q

what is the function of histatin

A

anti fungal activity

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15
Q

what is the function of lactoferrin

A

glycoprotein which removes iron from bacteria

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16
Q

what is the function of lysozyme

A

enzyme hydrolyses peptidoglycans

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17
Q

what is the function of sialperoxidase

A

enzyme that forms hypothocyanite ions to inhibit glycolysis

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18
Q

what is the function of immunoglobulin A

A

agglutinates bacteria to inhibit bacteria sticking to teeth

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19
Q

what is the function of statherin

A

inhibits CaPO4 precipitation or crystallisation + acts as lubricant

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20
Q

what is the function of amylase + lipase

A

digestion + pellicle formation

secreted by Ebner’s glands of tongue in valuate papillae

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21
Q

what is the function of mucin

A

heavy glycosylated protein helps form pellicle
lubricates mouth
helps aggregate bacteria + prevent from sticking to teeth

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22
Q

what is the pellicle + structure and another name for it

A

salivary biofilm
layer of proteins that binds onto enamel surface
proteins organised in layers with specific order
statherins bind directly to enamel and last mucins bind

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23
Q

what is the function of carbonic anhydrase

A

helps make bicarbonate –> buffer

24
Q

what are the functions of the pellicle

A

diffusion barrier - slow down attach by bacterial acids + loss of dissolved calcium + phosphate ions
protective role –> remineralisation + acid buffering

25
what is stimulated saliva flow rate
1-2 mL/min
26
what is unstimulated saliva flow rate
0.3-0.5 mL/min
27
what are the 2 types of saliva
mucous | serous
28
what does mucous saliva contain + characteristics
thick viscous rich in mucins, mucoproteins, glycoproteins
29
what does serous saliva contain + characteristics
thin watery rich in ions + enzymes
30
what are the 4 types of salivary glands found in the mouth
parotid Submandibular sublingual minor
31
what is the function of the parotid gland
serous cells make serous saliva rich in amylase + antibodies
32
what is the function of the submandibular gland
serous + mucous saliva mix
33
what is the function of the sublingual gland
more mucous than serous with mucoprotein
34
what is the function of the minor gland
much more mucous saliva
35
what type of glands are salivary glands
exocrine glands | rich in neural + vascular supply
36
how is saliva made and secreted + controlled
acini = regions producing saliva various types to make diff types of saliva composition of saliva controlled by duct region secretion depends on reflex activity
37
what are the 3 ducts used in saliva production
intercalated ducts striated excretory
38
what are intercalated ducts
small | lined by cuboidal epithelium
39
what are striated ducts and its function
lined by columnar epithelium with central nucleus deep folding + vascular modifies saliva composition by removing Na+ Cl- + pump in K+ and bicarbonate
40
what is daily flow rate of saliva
600ml/day
41
what effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on saliva production
vasodilation + water to be released
42
what effect does sympathetic stimulation have on saliva production
exocytosis + increase protein content
43
what does it mean in salivary flow follows a circadian rhythm
increased secretion during day + reduced secretion during night --> caries more likely occurs
44
what is stimulated to produce stimulated saliva
``` gustatory receptors mechanoreceptors olfactory receptors nociceptors higher centres psychic (thinking) visual thermoreceptive ```
45
when is stimulated saliva mainly made and when is it made
parotid gland 50% | when eating --> due stimulation of sensory receptors+ saliva has increased bicarbonate
46
when is unstimulated saliva mainly made and when is it made
submandibular gland resting + night saliva has lower phosphate, fluoride + bicarbonate conc
47
what are the main 4 saliva secretion reflexes
gustatory - salivary reflex masticatory - saliva reflex olfactory - salivary reflex psychic stimuli
48
what does gustatory - salivary reflex cause
increase saliva production responding to acidic agents
49
what does masticatory salivary reflex cause
chewing action causes increased saliva production | production directly proportional to masticatory forces
50
what does olfactory - salivary reflex cause
food smell causes increased saliva production
51
what does psychic stimuli cause
thinking about food causes increased saliva production
52
what is xerostomia and how is it classified
low salivary rate <0.5mL/min stimulated <0.1mL/min unstimulated
53
what is xerostomia caused by
drugs (anti - histamine, cancer, depressants, muscarinic) head + neck radiation + chemo salivary gland disease + autoimmune disease age
54
what does xerostomia increase the risk of
caries periodontitis candidiasis (thrush) halitosis
55
what are the 3 diff types of treatment available for xerostomia
artificial saliva substitute pharmacological ( pilocarpine + cevimeline --> stimulate saliva production) chemical stimulants = citric acid

Yr 1 oral cavity (4 decks)

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