Saliva

Question 1

Talk about saliva compartment

Answer 1

• The parotid gland
o Secretes a serous (watery, mucous-poor) fluid containing eletrolytes,
o secretes the majority of the sodium bicarbonate that is essential in neutralizing acids produced by cariogenic bacteria in the dental plaque.

o and the majority of the enzyme amylase that initiates intraoral digestion of carbohydrates.

• The submandibular gland secretes a mixed serous and mucuos fluid,
• The sublingual gland has a greater proportion of mucous output than the other major glands.
• The palate, under the tongue, and on the inner side of the cheeks and lips. These minor glands are mainly mucous secreting glands that lubricate these surfaces and allows for improved mastication and passage of food substance into the esophagus.
• The minor salivary glands also contribute fluoride that bathes the teeth and enhances caries resistance

Question 2

What are functions of Saliva?

Answer 2

1. Physiological functions (lubrication, digestion ,oral clearance, speech, taste).
2. Maintenance of supersaturation of calcium and phosphate level,helping to stymie demineralization and/ or to aid reminerlization of teeth .
3. Buffer capacity.
4. Antimicrobial Properities.

Question 3

What are Salivary factors affecting dental caries:?

Answer 3

1. Composition of saliva
2. Flow Rate.
3. pH of saliva.
4. Buffering capacity.
5. Saliva Viscosity
6. Anti bacterial factor

Question 4

What’s composition of saliva?

Answer 4

• Saliva contain : water 99 %
• organic ( protein, carbohydrates and lipids) and
• in organic ( electrolytes, as Ca, Po4, Mg,K, Cl, F and others)

Question 5

How Saliva is stimulated? What are diseases associated with it?

Answer 5

Saliva flow may be stimulated

(1) physiologically,
(2) pharmacologically
(3) many different disease states.

saliva flow can be abnormally high a condition termed sialorrhea

• The reduction in the salivary flow rate is known as hypo salivations in sever cases it is known as Xerostomia due to the medicines and radiation therapy. This may lead to increase severity of dental caries .
• Physiological Xerostomia : occure in all humans during sleep because the salivary glands do not secrete spontaneously, since there is no saliva to buffer and wash away fermentation products of plaque during sleep, Therefor the most important time for brushing is just before bed time .

Question 6

Talk a bout ph of Saliva

Answer 6

• The pH of saliva is another important component to maintain the integrity of oral cavity. The saliva pH increases with flow rate.
• The pH of saliva is determined mainly by the bicarbonate concentration. So, the pH will vary according to the bicarbonate content.
• pH increases the remineralization of tooth surface ,The acidic pH can cause maximum incidence of dental caries by dissolution of enamel that occurs when the pH below critical pH i.e 5.5

Question 7

Talk a bout buffering capacity of Saliva

Answer 7

The salivary buffer system in the saliva composed of bicarbonate/ carbonic acid and phosphate in addition to urea and protein .

Buffer system means solution that tends to maintain constant PH

Question 8

As salivary flow rate decrease , viscosity increase this inverse relation ship is important why ???

Answer 8

Because saliva that is more viscous is less effective in cleaning the mouth and increase the caries activity.