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Oral Histo Final > Saliva 1 > Flashcards

Saliva 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause a reduction in salvia?

A
  • head and neck radiotherapy
  • autoimmune disease Sjogrens syndrome
  • Medications
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2
Q

What does lack of saliva do to the tongue?

A

Can cause it to become fissured

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3
Q

Salivary function is tested by a technique called _____.

A

Scintigraphy = Iv injection of isotope or technetium that binds to Na-K-Cl membrane transport system of acinar cells of salivary glands.

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4
Q

What is congenital salivary aplasia?

A

Missing or underdeveloped salivary glands

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5
Q

True or false, Salivary gland disorders are rare and Genetic in origin.

A

True

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6
Q

Briefly describe other disorders that can accompany salivary gland agenesis…..

A

It can occur in isolation or it can be accompanied by other disorders of the ectoderm or 1st brachial arch *such as abnormalities in hair, nails, missing teeth or deafness/

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7
Q

What are the 7 functions of saliva?

A
  1. Protection = Mucins (glycoproteins responsible for lubricating mucosal surface and providing protective barrier.
  2. Buffering = Bicarbonate (buffers acids in mouth)
  3. Tooth integrity = Proline rich proteins & Statherin (calcium binding proteins contribute to enamel maturation and remineralization)
  4. Antimicrobial = Lysozyme, peroxidase, defensins, histatins & IgA)
  5. Tissue repair = Growth Factors
  6. Digestion = Amylase & Lipase
  7. Taste = Molecules must dissolve in water to be transported to taste bud.
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8
Q

Salivary glands are classified as a ______ gland.

A

Exocrine = uses a duct

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9
Q

Normal daytime salivary flow rate = ?

A

.3-.4ml/min

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10
Q

normal volume of saliva in mouth = ?

A

0.8-1.1ml

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11
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands?

A 
Parotid = IX
Submandibular = VII
Sublingual = VII
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12
Q

What are the minor salivary glands?

A

Von Ebners gland = IX
Labial
Palatal
Buccal & lingual

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13
Q

_____ Contributes around 60% of salvia.

A

parotid = whole mouth saliva (watery saliva)

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14
Q

____ contributes around 25% of salvia.

A

Submandibular

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15
Q

______ contributes around 7-8% of saliva.

A

submandibular and minor glands

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16
Q

The parotid gland is a ________ gland and the major source of ____P_>

A

Pure serous = watery saliva *major source of amylase

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17
Q

The Submandibular and sublingual gland are ______ glands.

A

Mixed serous/mucous glands

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18
Q

Von Ebner’s gland is a ______ gland and the major source of _____.

A

Pure serous gland. Main source of lipase.

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19
Q

The other minor glands are _____ glands and major source of _____.

A

Pure serous glands. Major source of Mucins (lubrication)

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20
Q

Where does parotid gland secrete to?

A

Stensons duct, which opens opposite the 2nd max molar.

21
Q

Where does submandibular gland secrete?

A

empties into oral cavity via Whartons duct on the lingual frenum.

22
Q

Where does the sublingual gland secrete?

A

empties into a series of ducts on the sublingual fold behind Whartons duct, called the Bartholins and Rivinus’s ducts.

23
Q

Saliva glands are made up of what 2 division?

A 
Stroma = supporting role (organizing gland into lobes)
Parenchyma  = does the characteristic work of given gland (makes and secretes salvia)
24
Q

Stroma is made of _______.

A

Connective tissue

25
Q

Parenchyma is made of _____.

A

Epithelium

26
Q

The stroma includes the ____ & ____.

A

Capsule and septum

27
Q

What is the major cell of the Stroma?

A

Fibroblasts = makes collagen (b/c its made from CT!)

28
Q

What other 4 items are found in the stroma?

A
  • blood vessels = supply to parenchyma
  • Nerve fibers = supply parenchyma
  • Plasma cells = secret antibodies
  • fat cells = increase with age
29
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the Parenchyma?

A
  1. Secretory portion (acini) = composed of individual acinar or secretory cells that make saliva.
  2. Ducts
30
Q

What are the 2 main types of Acinar cells and the 3 types of endpieces they make up?

A

Serous and Mucous acinar cells

  • serous endpieces
  • mucous endpieces
  • mixed end pieces
31
Q

Order of salvia flow from Acini….

A

Acini —-> intercalated ducts —> Striated/secretory ducts —-> excretory ducts. * ducts get progressively larger!

32
Q

When do the salivary glands develop?

A

Parotid = 6 weeks IU
Submandibular = end of 6th week IU
Sublingual and minor = 8-12 weeks IU

33
Q

What is the origin of the salivary glands?

A

PARENCHYMA

  • parotid = ectoderm
  • Submandibular = ecto or endoderm

STROMA = Neural crest

34
Q

As salivary glands develop and branch, the structure that will become the ducts hollow out in a process known as _____.

A

Cavitation

35
Q

What are the 4 steps of Salivary gland development?

A
  1. Protrusion of Epithelial cells in mesenchyme & bud formation
  2. Strong epithelial-mesnchymal interactions
  3. Branching morphogenesis
  4. Cavitation
36
Q

Before branching in salivary gland development occurs, each cells is adhered to its neighbor by a cell adhesion molecule called ______.

A

e-cadherin

* Cadherin disappears as cleft progresses

37
Q

_____ is used to “knock down” the expression of clefting.

A

Cleftin

38
Q

What induces the expression of cleftin?

A

Fibronectin

39
Q

What 2 actions does cleftin participate in?

A

Suppresses e-cadherin expression & up regulates snail2

40
Q

What is snail2?

A

Transcription factor that promotes clefting

41
Q

Acinar cells ______ salvia, while Ducts _____ & _____ certain components of salvia.

A

Secrete, Secrete & Resorb

42
Q

Acinar cells secrete ___________ that is _________.

A

Primary saliva that is Isotonic

43
Q

The fluid in the secondary saliva is ______.

A

Hypotonic!

44
Q

Salivary function is almost entirely under ____ control.

A

Neural

45
Q

Salivary glands are supplied by the ____ system.

A

Autonomic

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
  • Cell bodies of pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons located in brainstem, send axons out of the brain in the 7th and 9th cranial nerve that will synapse on post-ganglionic neurons near each gland.
46
Q

The sympathetic supply to salivary glands originates in the ______.

A

IML —–> Superior cervical ganglion –> Salivar glands

47
Q

The _____ system is responsible for protein secretion.

A

Sympathetic

48
Q

Activation of Sympathetic NS alone produces _________________.

A

a protein laden, viscous secretion that is not voluminous

Oral Histo Final (5 decks)

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