SALISBURY and WINCHESTER Past Paper Out Of London

Question 1

Name the architectural style of Salisbury Cathedral.

Answer 1

The cathedral is regarded as one of the leading examples of Early English Gothic design

Question 2

Which important document is in The Chapter House of Salisbury Cathedral?

Answer 2

Salisbury Cathedral is home to the best preserved of only four surviving copies of the 1215 Magna Carta
The other copies are held in The British Library and Lincoln Castle.

Question 3

What is the subject matter of Gabriel Loire’s 1982 East Window in Salisbury Cathedral?

Answer 3

The panels depict both 20th-century prisoners of conscience and the trial and crucifixion of Jesus, who is represented as a first-century prisoner of conscience

Question 4

Name the 16th century queen,
whose sister is buried in Salisbury
Cathedral.

Answer 4

Lady Jane Grey

Lady Katherine Grey, great-granddaughter of the first Tudor king, Henry VII, and sister of the ill-fated Lady Jane, is buried in the cathedral

Question 5

Name the only surviving market cross in Salisbury.

Answer 5

The Poultry Cross is the only one remaining of four market crosses that once stood in Salisbury. The others were the Cheese Cross in the present Cheesemarket area, Barnard’s Cross (livestock) at the junction of Barnard Street and Culver Street and another which designated a market for wool and yarn at the east end of the present Market Place, near the War Memorial.

Question 6

To which saint is Salisbury Cathedral dedicated?

Answer 6

St Mary

Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Salisbury

Question 7

What are alumni (old boys) of Winchester College known as?

Answer 7

Former pupils of Winchester College are called Old Wykehamists, after the school’s founder, William of Wykeham

Question 8

What was the Saxon name for Winchester?

Answer 8

Wintanceaster

The city became known as Wintanceaster (“Fort Venta”) in Old English.

Question 9

Which 9th century king is buried in Winchester Cathedral?

Answer 9

The answer is probably Alfred the Great but there are a number of ninth and tenth century kings buried in Winchester

Egbert King of Wessex died 839

Ethelwulf King of Wessex died 856

Alfred the Great King of Wessex died 899

Edward the Elder King of Wessex died 924

Edred King of England died 955

Edwy King of England died 959

Question 10

Which book was compiled in 1086 in Winchester?

Answer 10

Domesday Book is a detailed survey and valuation of landed property in England at the end of the 11th century

Question 11

Which king rebuilt Winchester Cathedral in the 13th century?

Answer 11

?

Question 12

Who did Queen Mary I marry in Winchester Cathedral in 1554?

Answer 12

Philip of Spain, later Philip II of Spain

Mary I of England (1516–1558) and Philip of Spain (later Philip II; 1527–1598) married at Winchester Cathedral on Wednesday 25 July 1554

Question 13

Which king had his second coronation in Winchester Cathedral in 1067?

Answer 13

At Easter in 1070, William was crowned for a second time at Winchester by three papal legates, to confirm the acceptance of his rule by the Catholic Church

Question 14

Who designed the sculpture of Alfred the Great on the Broadway, Winchester?

Answer 14

Hamo Thornycroft

Question 15

Why is the Salisbury Cathedral clock important?

Answer 15

The Salisbury Cathedral Clock is said to date from 1386 and is claimed to be the oldest working mechanical clock in the world

Question 16

Name the English king who was half-brother to William Longespee.

Answer 16

William Longespée was the illegitimate son of Henry II, king of England, therefore half-brother to both King Richard I and King John

Question 17

What are the dates for building Salisbury Cathedral?

Answer 17

Built over a relatively short period, some 38 years between 1220 and 1258, it has a unity and coherence that is unusual in medieval English cathedrals

Question 18

Salisbury Cathedral is the inspiration for which Ken Follett book?

Answer 18

‘The Pillars of the Earth’

Question 19

Which former Prime Minister lived in Arundells in the Cathedral Close?

Answer 19

Edward Heath, the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, from 1985 until his death in 2005

Question 20

Name the sculptor of the font in Salisbury Cathedral.

Answer 20

William Pye

Question 21

Name the bishop who moved the cathedral from Old Sarum to Salisbury.

Answer 21

Richard Poore

Question 22

Name the river running through Winchester.

Answer 22

Itchen

Question 23

Which order of monks established Winchester Cathedral?

Answer 23

Benedictine monks from Abingdon Abbey, establishing the cathedral priory

Question 24

Name the patron saint of Winchester Cathedral.

Answer 24

St. Swithin is a celebrated 9th-century Anglo-Saxon saint who was bishop of Winchester, England, and a royal counselor

Question 25

Name the Norman king buried in Winchester Cathedral.

Answer 25

William II aka William Rufus

Question 26

Name the Celtic tribe living around Winchester in the pre-Roman times.

Answer 26

Belgae The Belgae were probably not a British tribe. The Romans applied the name Belgae to a whole group of tribes in northwest Gaul, but the appearance of a civitas of this name in Britain is something of a mystery. According to the Roman geographer Ptolemy the territory of the Belgae included not only Winchester but also Bath nearby and an as yet unidentified settlement called Ischalis. It seems likely that Ptolemy has made an error here since the resulting shape of the territory of the Belgae would bear little resemblance to pre-Roman tribal geography and would be something of an administrative nightmare. If the civitas was actually focussed around Winchester (called by the Romans Venta Belgarum - 'town of the Belgae') there is still a problem, since this area seems to have been part of the old kingdom of the Atrebates. The civitas of the Belgae was therefor most probably an artificial creation of the Roman administration, like the neighbouring civitas of the Regni, and was created at about the same time in c. AD 80 following the death of King Cogidubnus. Its administrative capital at Winchester was known as Venta Belgarum, which was an important settlement before the Roman Conquest.

Question 27

In which century was Winchester College founded?

Answer 27

14th century It was founded by William of Wykeham in 1382 as a feeder school for New College, Oxford, and has existed in its present location ever since

Question 28

The statue of which English king is by the coach drop off at Winchester?

Answer 28

King Alfred's statue

Question 29

Why was Old Sarum abandoned?

Answer 29

Disputes between the Sheriff of Wiltshire and the Bishop of Salisbury led to the removal of the church into the nearby plain. As New Salisbury grew up around the construction site for the new cathedral in the early 13th century, the buildings of Old Sarum were dismantled for stone and the old town dwindled. Its long-neglected castle was abandoned by Edward II in 1322 and sold by Henry VIII in 1514

Question 30

Name the master mason of Salisbury Cathedral.

Answer 30

Lee Andrews: is the head stonemason who immortalized his two late pet ferrets in stone.

Question 31

Give the date (year) of the World’s Oldest Clock at Salisbury cathedral.

Answer 31

The Salisbury Cathedral clock is a large iron-framed tower clock without a dial, in Salisbury Cathedral, England. Thought to date from about 1386, it is a well-preserved example of the earliest type of mechanical clock, called verge and foliot clocks, and is said to be the oldest working clock in the world, although similar claims are made for other clocks

Question 32

Where is the Sarum College located?

Answer 32

Cathedral Close

Question 33

How long did it take to complete Salisbury Cathedral?

Answer 33

38 years

Question 34

To whom is the east window of Salisbury Cathedral dedicated?

Answer 34

The Prisoners of Conscience Window, glowing at the east end of the building, reminds us to pray daily for all who suffer at the hands of unchecked power.

Question 35

Which event do the cedar trees in Salisbury Cathedral cloister mark?

Answer 35

In the centre of our Cloister Garth are two majestic cedar trees. They were planted over 150 years ago to commemorate Queen Victoria's accession to the throne

Question 36

Name TWO famous authors connected with Salisbury.

Answer 36

(i) William Golding - he taught in the boys grammar school in the city, Bishops Wordsworth School. He wrote “The Spire” (ii) Leslie Thomas - lived in the Close, wrote “Almost Heaven”, he stated that the book was: “True and almost true tales about a cathedral” (iii) Samuel Pepys - visited Salisbury in 1668, wrote in his diaries: He wrote that he liked the silk sheets on his bed at the Old George Inn, but found Old Sarum dark and scary (iv) Bill Bryson - wrote “Notes from a Small Island” he said: “I like Salisbury very much. It’s just the right size… is no doubt in my mind that Salisbury Cathedral is the single most beautiful structure in England and The Close around it the most beautiful space.”

Question 37

What material is the Magna Carta written on?

Answer 37

Parchment made from sheepskin

Question 38

Name the king who built the first royal castle at Old Sarum within the Iron Age fort.

Answer 38

William I

Question 39

From which century does the Salisbury Poultry Cross date?

Answer 39

The Poultry Cross is a market cross in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, marking the site of former markets. Constructed in the 14th century and modified in the 18th century, it stands at the junction of Silver Street and Minster Street.

Question 40

Name the museum where you can see the remains of “Amesbury Archer”.

Answer 40

The Salisbury Museum

Question 41

In which century was Mompesson house built?

Answer 41

The current Mompesson House is around 300 years old and was named after Charles Mompesson, for whom it was built in 1701

Question 42

Where in Salisbury cathedral can you see the Magna Carta?

Answer 42

The Chapter House

Question 43

In 1991 the choir of Salisbury Cathedral made the headlines. Why?

Answer 43

Salisbury was the first English cathedral to recruit girl choristers (in 1991)

Question 44

Name TWO famous 19th century English artists who painted Salisbury Cathedral.

Answer 44

(i) John Constable (ii) Joseph Mallord William Turner

Question 45

Name ONE of the three architectural elements supporting the spire of Salisbury Cathedral.

Answer 45

i) buttresses ii) bracing arches iii) anchor irons

Question 46

Name the architect employed in the 1860’s to reverse much of Wyatt’s restoration work.

Answer 46

Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1860-78

Question 47

Name the first person known to be buried in the ‘new’ Salisbury Cathedral in 1226.

Answer 47

The first person to be buried here was William Longespee Earl of Salisbury, illegitimate son of King Henry II, and half-brother of both King Richard I and King John

Question 48

What is the College of Matrons in Salisbury Cathedral Close used for today?

Question 49

The Chapter House is famous for the Magna Carta. Name ONE OTHER feature you would point out there.

Question 50

Name TWO of the rivers that flow through Salisbury.

Answer 50

(i) (ii)

Question 51

Salisbury Cathedral houses the oldest working clock in England. In which year is it said to have been made?

Question 52

Trinity Chapel in Salisbury Cathedral was originally a shrine to which saint?

Question 53

Name the nearest cathedral gate to the coach drop-off in St John’s Street.

Question 54

Which event is commemorated by the installation in Salisbury Cathedral of the William Pye font?

Question 55

On a coach journey from London to Salisbury, at which Motorway Services on the M3 could you stop for a WC break?

Question 56

Where exactly are the ashes of Edward Heath, the former British Prime Minister, interred?

Question 57

Who ‘tidied’ the Cathedral close in the 18th century?

Question 58

Where is the nearest designated coach drop-off bay to Salisbury Cathedral?

Question 59

Name the person who died in WWII, in whose memory the ‘Prism of Salisbury Cathedral’ was created.

Question 60

Name the bishop responsible for transferring the site of his cathedral from Old Sarum to the valley below.

Question 61

What is the name of the house in the close where Edward Heath, former British Prime Minister, lived?

Question 62

On which TWO days each week is there a market in Salisbury?

Answer 62

(i) (ii)

Question 63

In which Salisbury pub can you find a mummified hand with playing cards?

Question 64

Which British artist famously painted Salisbury Cathedral from the water meadows?

Question 65

To whom is Salisbury Cathedral dedicated?

Question 66

In what year was the new Salisbury Cathedral consecrated?

Question 67

In the Middle Ages, Salisbury had 4 market crosses. Name the only one which survives.

Question 68

Name the first person to be buried in the new Salisbury Cathedral.

Question 69

What is the subject of the fresco wall painting inside St Thomas’ church?

Question 70

Where in Salisbury Cathedral is there a unique 13th century frieze of bible stories?

Question 71

Give ONE Reason why the cathedral was moved from Old Sarum.

Question 72

What did Elias of Dereham bring to the cathedral in 1215?

Question 73

What is the approximate date (+/- 5 years) of the clock mechanism in the nave of Salisbury Cathedral?

Question 74

Salisbury Cathedral contains the tomb of an illegitimate son of Henry II. Name him.

Question 75

Name the saint whose tomb can be found in Salisbury Cathedral.

Question 76

What is the subject of the modern stained glass window of the Trinity Chapel?

Question 77

What are the TWO main types of stone used in the construction of Salisbury Cathedral?

Answer 77

a) b)

Question 78

Which architect undertook the "tidying up" of the cathedral interior and Close in the late 18th century?

Question 79

Name TWO authors who wrote novels inspired by Salisbury.

Question 80

What is the height of the spire of Salisbury Cathedral?

Question 81

On which TWO days of the week is there a market in Salisbury?

Answer 81

i) ii)

Question 82

Name the home of former Prime Minister, Edward Heath, in Salisbury Close.

Question 83

Between what times is Salisbury Cathedral open to tourists on Sundays?

Question 84

Name ONE of the books from the Old Testament whose story is told in the13th century stone carvings in Salisbury Cathedral Chapter House.

Question 85

In which chapel of Salisbury Cathedral is the Prisoner of Conscience window?

Question 86

The river Avon is one of four rivers that flow through Salisbury. Name TWO others.

Answer 86

i) ii)

Question 87

Name the signatory to the Magna Carta who is buried in Salisbury Cathedral.

Question 88

Name the school in Salisbury where novelist William Golding taught and which the actor Ralph Fiennes attended.

Question 89

At which medieval settlement was Eleanor of Aquitaine, the wife of King Henry II, held prisoner for 16 years for treason?

Question 90

Who supervised the construction of Salisbury Cathedral?

Answer 90

Canon Elias of Dereham