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SAFMEDS > SAFMEDS > Flashcards

SAFMEDS Flashcards

1
Q

FK-01 Lawfulness of behavior

A

Past behavior predicts future behavior

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2
Q

FK-02 Selectionism: phylogenic, ontogenic, and cultural

A

Phylogenic: behavior acquired by the species throughout the course of their evolutionary history (reflexive behavior is elicited)
Ontogenic: behavior acquired due to an individual organism’s developmental history (operant behavior is emitted)
Cultural: Corresponding to the selection of behavior as it passes from one individual to another

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3
Q

FK-03 Determinism

A

The universe is a lawful and orderly place where all phenomena occur as a result of other phenomena

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4
Q

FK-04 Empiricism

A

Objective observation of the phenomena of interest

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5
Q

FK-05 Parsimony

A

Ruling out the most simple, logical explanations before considering more complex ones

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6
Q

FK-06 Pragmatism

A

Drawing general rules from specific observation; inductive reasoning

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7
Q

FK-07 Environmental vs. mentalistic explanations for behavior

A

Environmental: behavior is caused by an organism’s interactions with its environment
Mentalistic: behavior is caused by internal events

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8
Q

FK-08 Radical vs. Methodological behaviorism

A

Radical behaviorism: takes private events (e.g. Thoughts) that occur “within the skin” into account as explanations for behavior
Methodological: do not consider private events as behavior, rejects anything that is not observable as an explanation for behavior

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9
Q

FK-09 Distinguish between conceptual analysis of behavior, experimental analysis of behavior, applied behavior analysis, and behavioral service delivery

A

Conceptual analysis of behavior: theoretical, philosophical, and methodological foundation of behaviorism
Experimental analysis of behavior: laboratory application of basic behavioral principles and processes
Applied behavior analysis: application of behavioral principles to human subjects
Behavioral service delivery: Professional practice

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10
Q

FK-10 Define behavior, response, & response class

A

Behavior: Everything that people do
Response: Single instance of a behavior
Response class: Groups of responses that vary in topography that all have the same function

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11
Q

FK-11 Define environment, stimulus, stimulus class

A

Environment: All of the events and stimuli that effect the behavior of an organism
Stimulus: Any thing or event
Stimulus class: Group of stimuli that share common elements along formal (physical features), functional (effects on behavior), or temporal (when they occur with regard to the behavior of interest) lines

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12
Q

FK-12 Stimulus equivalence

A

The emergence of accurate responding to untrained, non-reinforced stimulus-stimulus relations following reinforcement of responses to other stimulus-stimulus relations; must demonstrate reflexivity, symmetry, & transitivity
Reflexivity: A=A, B=B
Symmetry: A=B, B=A
Transitivity: A=B and B=C then A=C

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13
Q

FK-13 Reflexive relations

A

an unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response

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14
Q

FK-14 Respondent conditioning

A

neutral stimulus is continually paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) to elicit a conditioned response (CR).

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15
Q

FK-15 Operant conditioning

A

Consequences result in an increase or decrease in behavior

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16
Q

FK-16 Respondent-operant interactions

A

When reflexive and operant behavior occur at the same time

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17
Q

FK-17 Unconditioned reinforcement

A

Reinforcers that don’t depend on learning history (primary reinforcers)

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18
Q

FK-18 Conditioned reinforcement

A

Reinforcers that depend on learning history (secondary reinforcer)

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19
Q

FK-19 Unconditioned punishment

A

Punishment that doesn’t depend on learning history (primary punisher)

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20
Q

FK-20 Conditioned punishment

A

Punishment that depends on learning history (secondary punisher)

21
Q

FK-21 Schedules of reinforcement and punishment

A

Tell you how and when to reinforce or punish a behavior (Fixed interval, fixed ratio, variable interval, variable ratio)

22
Q

FK-22 Extinction

A

No longer reinforcing a previously reinforced behavior in order to decrease the frequency of behavior until it ceases to occur

23
Q

FK-23 Automatic reinforcement and punishment

A

Reinforcement or punishment that occurs independent of the social mediation of others

24
Q

FK-24 Stimulus control

A

Responding is modified by the presence or absence or a specific antecedent stimulus

25
Q

FK-25 Multiple functions of a single stimulus

A

A single stimulus that serves multiple functions

26
Q

FK-26 Unconditioned motivating operations

A

Motivating operation (MO) who’s value altering effects do not depend on learning history

27
Q

FK-27 Conditioned motivating operations

A

Motivating operation (MO) who’s value altering effects depend on learning history

28
Q

FK-28 Define transitive, reflexive, and surrogate conditioned motivating operations:

A

Transitive (CMO-T): stimulus that changes the effectiveness of something else as a reinforcer
Reflexive (CMO-R): stimulus that has been paired with a worsening or bettering of a condition
Surrogate (CMO-S): stimulus that is paired with another MO that has the same value-altering and behavior-altering effect as the MO it was paired with

29
Q

FK-29 Distinguish between a discriminative stimulus and a motivating operation

A

Discriminative stimulus: a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced
Motivating operation: environmental variables that
alter the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer, and alter the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that stimulus, object, or event

30
Q

FK-30 Distinguish between motivating operations and reinforcement effects

A

Motivating operation: Increases the value of the reinforcer in that moment
Reinforcement effects: Deprivation or satiation changes the value of a specific reinforcer

31
Q

FK-31 Behavioral contingencies

A

Behavior must be emitted for a consequence to occur

32
Q

FK-32 Contiguity

A

When two or more events occur simultaneously or very close together

33
Q

FK-33 Functional relation

A

Specific change in one event that can be produced by manipulating another event

34
Q

FK-34 Conditional discriminations

A

A discrimination in which reinforcement of a response to a stimulus is conditional on the presence of one or more additional discriminative stimuli

35
Q

FK-35 Stimulus discrimination

A

Responses are reinforced in the presence of the SD and not reinforced in the presence of the S∆

36
Q

FK-36 Response generalization

A

The extent to which a learner emits an untrained response that are functionally equivalent to the trained response

37
Q

FK-37 Stimulus generalization

A

The occurrence of an established behavior under novel stimulus condition

38
Q

FK-38 Behavioral contrast

A

When a behavior change procedure is introduced in one environment produces a change in the opposite direction in another environment

39
Q

FK-39 Behavioral momentum

A

Rapidly presenting a series of high-p request prior to presenting a low-p request

40
Q

FK-40 Matching law

A

Relative rates of responding are proportional to relative rates of reinforcement across two (or more) schedules of reinforcement

41
Q

FK-41 Contingency-shaped behavior

A

Behavior that is shaped by coming into contact with the consequence for the behavior

42
Q

FK-42 Rule-governed behavior

A

Behavior that is shaped by a rule rather than by coming into contact with the consequence for that behavior

43
Q

FK-43 Echoic

A

A verbal operant that is evoked by a verbal stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the initial stimuli and is followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement

44
Q

FK-44 Mand

A

A verbal operant that is evoked by a MO and followed by specific reinforcement

45
Q

FK-45 Tact

A

A verbal operant that is evoked by a non-verbal stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement

46
Q

FK-46 Intraverbal

A

A verbal operant that is evoked by a verbal stimulus that does not have point-to-point correspondence or formal similarity with the original stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement

47
Q

FK-47 Identify the measurable dimensions of behavior (frequency, rate, duration, magnitude, IRT, latency, trials to criterion, & percent of occurrence)

A

Frequency: simple tally of the number of occurrences of a behavior
Rate: number of responses per unit of time
Duration: amount of time a behavior occurs for
Magnitude: the force or intensity with which a response is emitted
Interresponse time: the time between the onset of behavior 1 and the onset of behavior 2
Latency: The time between the onset of a stimulus and the response
Trials to criterion: the number of opportunities needed to achieve a predetermined criterion
Percent of occurrence: number of responses/number of opportunities X 100

48
Q

FK-48 State the advantages and disadvantages of using continuous measurement procedures and discontinuous measurement procedures

A 
Continuous measurement (WI recording): records every instance of a behavior providing a more accurate picture but requires a lot of resources
Discontinuous measurement (PI recording and Momentary time sampling): records a sample of occurrences during an observation, useful when resources aren't available for continuous measurement, but doesn't capture every instances of a behavior and poses a threat to validity

SAFMEDS (2 decks)

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