Safmeds Flashcards
Mand
A verbal operant that is evoked by an MO and followed by specific reinfrocement
Tact
A verbal operant that is evoked by a nonverbal SD and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement
Intraverbal
A verbal operant that is evoked by a verbal SD and that does NOT have point-to-point correspondence with that verbal stimulus and is reinforced by generalized conditioned reinforcement
Listener
Someone who provides reinforcement for verbal behavior
Transcription
A verbal operant involving a spoken verbal stimulus that evokes a written, types, or finger spelled response
Task Analysis
The process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units
Total-Task Chaining
A variation of forward chaining in which the learner receives training on each behavior in the chain during each session
Audience
Anyone who functions as an SD evoking verbal behavior
Autoclictic
A secondary verbal operant in which some aspect of a speaker’s own verbal behavior functions as an SD or MO for additional speaker behavior
Echoic
A verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a verbal SD that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response and is reinforced by generalized conditioned reinforcement
Behavior Chain
A sequence of responses in which each response produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that response and as an SD for the next response in the chain. Reinforcement for the last response in the chain maintains the reinforcing effectiveness of the stimulus changes produced by all previous responses in the chain.
Behavior Chain Interruption Strategy
An intervention that relies on the participant’s skill in performing the critical elements of the chain independently. The chain is interrupted occasionally so that another behavior can be emitted.
Behavior Chain with Limited Hold
A contingency that specifies a time interval by which a behavior chain must be completed for reinforcement to be delivered
Chaining
Various procedures for teaching behavior chains
Forward Chaining
A method for teaching behavior chains that begins with the learner being prompted and taught to perform the first behavior in the task analysis; the trainer completes the remaining steps in the chain. When the learner shows competence in performing the first step in the chain, he is taught to perform the first two behaviors in the chain. with the trainer completing the chain. This process is continued until the learner completes the entire chain independently
Response Differentiation
A behavior change produced by differential reinforcement where reinforced members of the current response class occur with greater frequency, and unreinforced members occur less frequently. The overall result is the emergence of a new response class.
Successive Approximation
The sequence of new response classes that emerge during the shaping process as the result of differential reinforcement where each successive response class is closer in form to the terminal behavior than the response class it replaces.
Clicker Training
Shaping Behavior using conditioned reinforcement in the form of an auditory stimulus. A handheld device produces a click sound when pressed. The trainer pairs other forms of reinforcement with the click sound so that the sound becomes a conditioned reinforcer.
Backward Chaining
A teaching procedure in which a trainer completes all but the last behavior in the chain, which his performed by the learner, who then receives reinforcement for completing the chain. When the learner shows competence in performing the final step in the chain, the trainer performs all but the last 2 behaviors in the chain, and reinforcement is delivered. This sequence is continued until the learner completes the entire chain independently
Backward Chaing with Leap Aheads
a backward chaining procedure in which some steps in the task analysis are skipped. It is used to increase the efficiency of teaching long behavior chains when there is evidence that the skipped steps are in the learner’s repertoire.
Imitation
A behavior controlled by any physical movement that serves as a novel model excluding vocal-verbal behavior, has formal similarity with the model, and immediately follows the occurrence of the model
Fading
A procedure for transferring stimulus control in which features of an antecedent stimulus controlling a behavior are gradually changed to a new stimulus while maintaining the current behavior.
Shaping
Using Differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes, where each response class is a successive approximation toward a terminal behavior.T
Terminal Behavior
The end product of shaping
Differential Reinforcement
Reinforcing only those responses within a response class that meet a specific criterion along some dimensions and placing all other responses in the class on extinction.
Stimulus Equivalence
The emergence of accurate responding to untrained and non-reinforced S-S relations following the reinforcement of responses to some S-S relations. Requires reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity.
Symmetry
A type of S-S relation in which the learner, without prior training or reinforcement for doing so, demonstrates the reversibility of matched sample and comparison stimuli. (e.g., if A=B, then B=A)
Transitivity
A derived (i.e., untrained) S-S relation that emerges as a product of training 2 others S-S relations (e.g., if A=B and if A=C, then B=C and C=B)
Antecedent Stimulus Class
A set of stimuli that share a common relationship. All these stimuli evoke the same operant or elicit the same respondent behavior
Arbitrary Stimulus Class
Antecedent stimuli that evoke the same response but do not resemble each other in physical form or share a relational aspect.
Concept Formation
A complex example of stimulus control that requires stimulus generalization within a class of stimuli and discrimination between classes of stimuli
Feature Stimulus Class
Stimuli that share common physical forms or structures or common relationships
Matching-to-Sample (MTS)
A procedure for investigating conditional relations and stimulus equivalence. First, the participant makes a response that reveals the sample stimulus. next, 2 or more comparison stimuli are presented. The participant selects one of the comparison stimuli. If the selected comparison stimulus matches the sample, response is reinforced.
Reflexivity
A type of S-S relation in which the learner, without prior training/reinforcement for doing so, selects a comparison stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus (A=A)
Stimulus Discrimination Training
The conventional procedure requires 1 behavior and 2 antecedent stimulus conditions (SD& S-delta) Responses are reinforced in the presence of the SD, but not in the presence of the S-delta.
Textual
A verbal operant involves a response that is evoked by a verbal SD that has point-to-point correspondence, but not formal similarity, between the stimulus and the response product.
