Safety Standards Flashcards
Modern developments in health and safety are
neither _______ nor _______ but rather part
of the ________________ in the
safety and health movement.
isolated
independent
long continuum of developments
It contained clauses dealing with injuries, allowable fees for physicians, and monetary
damages assessed against those who injured others.
The “Code of Hammurabi”
time when the “Code of Hammurabi” was known or established
CIRCA 2000 BC
If a man has caused the loss of a gentleman’s eye, his own
eye shall be caused to be lost
The “Code of Hammurabi”
What was being constructed during the time of Rameses around 1500 BC?
Ramesseum
What service did Rameses establish to care for the workers during the construction?
An industrial medical service
What daily routine were the workers required to follow for hygiene?
They were required to bathe daily in the Nile.
What was done regularly to ensure the health of the workers?
They were given regular medical examinations.
What was the protocol for workers who fell sick during the construction?
Sick workers were isolated.
Who authored “Discourse on the Diseases of Workers” in the 18th century?
Bernardino Ramazzini
What did Bernardino Ramazzini associate occupational diseases with?
The handling of harmful materials and irregular or unnatural movements of the body.
Is much of what Bernardino Ramazzini wrote still considered pertinent in contemporary times?
Yes, much of what he wrote is still relevant today.
What event triggered the demand for better working conditions in Manchester, England’s cotton mills?
An outbreak of fever among the children working in the cotton mills.
Who began the call for improved working conditions in the factories of Manchester?
The people of Manchester, England.
What was the result of the public pressure in Manchester regarding workplace conditions?
Public pressure eventually forced a government response.
What significant act marked the start of governmental involvement in workplace safety?
The Health and Morals of Apprentices Act.
Bureau of Labor
Statistics is
formed
1869
Employer’s
Liability Law is
passed
1877
1907
Bureau of Mines is
created by US
Department of
the Interior
1912
First Cooperative
Safety Congress
meets in
Milwaukee
More than _______ mining workers were
killed in mining accidents in ________ alone
3,200
1907
1913
National Council
of Industrial
Safety is formed.
1970
Occupational
Safety and Health
Act passes.
OSHA offers
education and
training grants.
1978
OSHA coverage
extended to
federal
employees
1980
President __________ signs the OSHA on
_____________________
Nixon
December 29, 1970
1996
Total Safety
Management
(TSM) concept is
introduced
US firms begin to
pursue ISO 14000
registration for
environmental
safety
management
2000
2009
Global
Harmonization
System for
chemicals is
established
2017
Pressure on
foreign
companies that
produce goods
sold in the US to
improve their
safety standards
In the safety management approach promoted by TSM, who is primarily considered in work practices?
The safety of employees.
What is the main focus of the holistic approach to safety management endorsed by TSM?
Considering the safety of employees in work practices.
What is the name of the tragedy mentioned that took place in the 1930s?
Hawk’s Nest Tragedy
What was the main task the company was contracted for in the Hawk’s Nest region of West Virginia?
To drill a passageway through a mountain.
What was unusual about the mountain in the Hawk’s Nest region?
It had an unusually high silica content.
How many hours per day did workers spend breathing in the dust created by the drilling and blasting?
As many as 10 hours per day.
What disease did the workers acquire from breathing in the dust?
Silicosis.
By the end of the project, how many workers had been affected?
Hundreds had died.
asbestos exposure from ___________
1967-1986
Who conducted a study on the effects of asbestos exposure from 1967-1986?
Dr. Irving J. Selikoff.
What was the focus of Dr. Irving J. Selikoff’s study?
He studied the mortality rate of 17,800 workers who had been exposed to asbestos.
In which body parts did Dr. Irving J. Selikoff find asbestos-related cancer among the exposed workers?
He found asbestos-related cancer in the
lungs,
gastrointestinal tract,
larynx,
pharynx,
kidneys,
pancreas,
gall bladder, and
bile ducts of workers.
In what year did the Bhopal Tragedy occur?
1984.
he studied the mortality rate of
_____________ who had been exposed to
asbestos
17,800 workers
What gases, including methyl isocyanate (MIC), leaked into the northern end of Bhopal during the tragedy?
Over 40 tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) and other lethal gases, including hydrogen cyanide, leaked.
How many people were killed as a result of the Bhopal Tragedy, and how many were exposed to the poisonous gas?
More than 3,000 people were killed, and
50,000 other people had been exposed to the poisonous gas
What was Union Carbide Corporation accused of in relation to the Bhopal Tragedy?
Union Carbide Corporation was accused of criminal negligence, corporate prejudice, and avoidance.
In which year did the garment-factory fire in Bangladesh occur?
2012.
How many employees were killed in the factory fire in Bangladesh?
112 employees.
What did supervisors demand of the workers during the fire, which added to the tragedy?
Supervisors demanded that workers go back to their sewing machines and even blocked an exit door workers could have used to escape.
What was discovered about the factory’s fire extinguishers during the investigation?
It was learned in the subsequent investigation that the factory’s fire extinguishers did not work and were displayed only to fool inspectors.
When did the safety and health movement begin to take shape?
The safety and health movement has come a long way since the Industrial Revolution
After which major global event did practitioners of occupational health and safety recognize the need for cooperative efforts?
After World War II.
Who were some of the practitioners involved in the early safety and health movement?
These practitioners included safety engineers, safety managers, industrial hygienists, occupational health nurses, and physicians.
Can you provide a brief overview of the state of the safety and health movement today?
The safety and health movement today has evolved significantly since its early days and involves various professionals working together to ensure workplace safety and health.
Which government regulation, enacted in 2018, aims to strengthen compliance with occupational safety and health standards in the Philippines and expand the rights and responsibilities of workers and employers in ensuring workplace safety?
R.A. No. 11058 - The Occupational Safety and Health Standards Law
It ensures electrical safety in various settings, including residential, commercial, and industrial premises.
Philippine Electric Code
Which government code outlines safety standards and requirements for fire prevention and protection in the Philippines, covering topics such as fire prevention, firefighting equipment, building design, and emergency exits?
Philippine Fire Code (PD 1185)
This code sets safety standards for the design and
construction of buildings and structures. It includes
provisions related to structural integrity, fire safety, and
accessibility for persons with disabilities
Philippine Building Code (PD 1096)
While primarily focused on environmental protection, this code
includes provisions related to safety standards for activities that
may have environmental impacts, such as mining and
industrial operations
Philippine Environment Code (PD 1152)
This law addresses the safe management,
transportation, and disposal of hazardous wastes,
particularly in industrial and commercial sectors. It
aims to protect human health and the environment
R. A. No. 6969 - Hazardous Waste
Management Act
______ deaths in a rubber slipper factory fire incident in Valenzuela City
72
16 hurt in a _______ at Nasugbu, Batangas
sugar factory
___________ killed after falling off Makati building
10 workers
Worker dies, 3 others hurt in _______________
inside Zamboanga City factory
electrocution accident
most common workplace injuries
- slips, trips and falls
- exposure to harmful substances
- struck by object or equipent
- overexertion lifting injuries
What is the primary purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards?
to prevent accidents and ensure the safe return of workers to their families.
Under which article of the Labor Code of the Philippines does the Department of Labor and Employment derive its authority?
Article 162 of the Labor Code of the Philippines.
Who is responsible for promulgating the Occupational Safety and Health Standards?
Department of Labor and Employment
For whom is this Occupational Safety and Health Standards intended?
intended for the guidance and compliance of all concerned.
What is the collective term for this body of standards, rules, and regulations?
Standards
What is the Occupational Safety And Health Standard (OSHS) primarily concerned with?
primarily concerned with protecting the safety, health, and welfare of people engaged in work.
List three purposes of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS).
Protect Your Profession,
Protection from specific hazards
Labour inspection or compensation.
What are the main objectives of OHS?
Prevent Workplace Accidents and Injuries,
Protect Workers’ Health, and
Promote a Safe and Healthy Work Environment.
Under the core OSHS principles, what rights do all workers have?
all workers have the
Right to a Safe Workplace, Right to Information,
Right to Training and Education,
Right to Participate, Right to PPEs,
Right to Health Services,
Right to Rest Periods and Breaks,
Right to Refuse Unsafe Work,
Right to Compensation, and
Right to Be Heard.
Core OSHS Principles
1 All Workers Have A Right
#2 Occupational Health And
Safety Must Be Established
#3 Education and training are vital components
of safe, healthy working environments
#4 Employees, employers and competent
authorities take on certain responsibilities,
duties and obligations
Why is worker involvement important in OSHS?
to ensure that safety measures and protocols are effective and address the real concerns of those on the ground.
4 Employees, employers and competent
authorities take on certain responsibilities,
duties and obligations
- Legal Compliance
- Worker Involvement
- Enforecement and Penalties
safety rules
respirator
ear protector
safety slove
hard helmet
safety wear
safety boot
id card
