Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kettering > Safety- Part 1 > Flashcards

Safety- Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Things needed for x-ray production?

A

Source of Free Electrons (Thermionic Emission)

Acceleration of Electrons (kVp toward the anode)

Focusing of Electrons (2 Filaments- Focusing Cup)

Deceleration of Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thermionic emission =

A

mA- determines the amount of current sent to the filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

For thermionic emission to happen- it requires how much current?

A

4 to 6 amps of current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is produced as a result of high speed electrons bombarding the target area or anode?

A

X-radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

For the acceleration of electrons, (kVp toward the anode) What is applied to the cathode end of the x-ray tube?

A

High electric potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What surrounds the filament and maintains a concentrated stream of electrons from the filament to the target area on the anode?

A

Focusing Cup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the focusing cup made up of and what type of charge does it have?

A

Charge is negative

Molybdenum or Nickel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the target (Anode) made of?

A

Tungsten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much is converted to heat and x-rays?

A

99% Heat

1% X-rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What decelerates the electrons?

A

The tungsten target of the anode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The deceleration of electrons produces 2 things?

A

Infrared Light

Ionizing Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who first described the atom?

A

Neils Bohr (as a tiny solar system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the smallest subdivision of an element that maintains all physical and chemical properties of the element?

A

Atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Protons have what type of charge?

A

Positive +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neutrons have what type of charge?

A

Neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is contained in the nucleus?

A

Protons and Neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Protons and neutrons have a an atomic mass equal to?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Z?

A

Atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is A?

A

Atomic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What equals the number of protons in the nucleus?

A

Atomic number (Z)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What equals the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus?

A

Atomic Mass (A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What makes an atom stable?

A

Uncharged atom (protons equal the number of electrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What kind of charge do electrons have?

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of mass do electrons have?

A

No mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are negatively charged particles located in discreetly organized orbital shells outside the nucleus?

A

Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is EBE?

A

Electron Binding Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What shell has stronger EBE?

A

K Shell has more EBE than L Shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What type of atom has a stronger EBE?

A

Atom with a higher atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a valence number?

A

Number of electrons in the last orbital shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is 2n^2?

A

How you determine how many electrons are in a shell number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is important in determining an atom’s combining ability with another atom?

A

Valence Number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the removal of an electron from an orbital shell?

A

Ionization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When an atom is uncharged and goes through ionization, What type of charge does the atom have now?

A

Now has an electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How does ionization occur?

A

When an energy source contains sufficient energy to remove an electron from one of the orbital shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What happens when an energy source does NOT contain sufficient kinetic energy to ionize the atom, bu contains energy only to vibrate the atom?

A

Excitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is an atom of an element with the same atomic number as the element but with a different atomic mass?

A

Isotope (differing number of protons and neutrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What has the same # of protons but different # of neutrons?

A

Isotope

38
Q

Is an isotope stable or unstable?

A

Unstable (because it has a different number of protons and neutrons)

39
Q

What is 90% of all x-ray production?

A

Bremsstrahlung Radiation

40
Q

What does breaking radiation mean?

A

Bremsstrahlung Radiation

41
Q

What type of interactions happen in the tube?

A

Brem and Characteristic

42
Q

What happens when a projectile electron:

Slows down
Changes Direction
Loses some of its energy

A

Brem

43
Q

What type of radiation is non-ionizing?

It does not remove an electron from an outer shell?

A

Brem

44
Q

What is the photon ejected called in a Brem interaction?

A

Bremsstrahlung x-ray photon

45
Q

What type of photon energy is EQUAL to the amount of energy lost by the projectile electron?

A

Brem Photon Energy

46
Q

When the incoming electron (brem) that slows down and changes direction has a greater direction change, (the greater the energy loss), What happens to the bream x-ray photon?

A

It has more energy

47
Q

What happens with characteristic radiation (k-characteristic)?

A

Cascade

48
Q

What is the EBE of the K shell?

A

69.53

49
Q

What is the EBE of the L shell?

A

12

50
Q

What is the EBE of the M shell?

A

3

51
Q

What is the EBE of the N shell?

A

1

52
Q

In characteristic radiation, when an electron drops down from the L shell to the K shell to fill it, how much energy will the characteristic x-ray have?

A

57.53 (K shell has 69.53 EBE and L Shell has 12- so subtract)

53
Q

In a characteristic interaction, What shell is useful to us?

A

K shell (anything from L to P is non diagnostic)

54
Q

When an electron comes in, in a characteristic interaction, what type of energy does it have to have to knock out the electron from the k shell?

A

At least 69.53 to knock the electron out

55
Q

What type of curve is Brem?

A

Bell Curve

56
Q

In characteristic, when the k shell is filled by the L shell, it emits?

A

Characteristic Xray photon

57
Q

What happens to non-diagnostic xrays (L shell through P shell- Characteristic)?

A

They are absorbed by the inherent or added filtration

OR

They contribute to skin entrance dose to the patient

58
Q

The characteristic xray energy (of the photon that is ejected when the L shell fills the K shell) has what type of energy?

A

Equal to the difference in binding energies of the 2 shells

59
Q

Characteristic radiation produces photons with discreet energy levels that are completely dependent on?

A

The type of target material that is used (The only factor that will influence the energy levels of characteristic radiation production)

60
Q

A characteristic Emission Graph is shaped like a?

A

Bar Graph

61
Q

On a bar graph, what is the x-axis?

A

Horizontal Axis

62
Q

On a bar graph, what is the y-axis?

A

Vertical Axis

63
Q

On a characteristic Emission Graph, What does the x-axis represent?

A

The X-ray Energy

64
Q

On a characteristic Emission Graph, What does the y-axis represent?

A

The Quantity of Radiation

65
Q

On a bar graph, What is the origin?

A

Where the x-axis and y-axis meet on a bar graph

66
Q

How is a brem emission graph shaped?

A

Like a Bell Curve

67
Q

The peak of the bell curve in a brem emission graph indicates?

A

The energy level at which the most x-rays are produced

68
Q

On a brem emission graph, when mAs is increased, How is the graph changed?

A

The Amplitude Rises

69
Q

On a brem emission graph, when kVp is increased, How is the graph changed?

A

The amplitude rises and there is also a shift to the right

70
Q

On a brem emission graph, when distance is increased, How is the graph changed?

A

The amplitude decreases

71
Q

On a brem emission graph, when filtration is increased, How is the graph changed?

A

The amplitude decreases and there is a shift to the right

72
Q

What is the purpose of filtration?

A

Reduces skin exposure

73
Q

How are wavelength and frequency related?

A

Inversely Related

74
Q

When wavelength goes UP, What happens to frequency?

A

Frequency Decreases

75
Q

When there are velocity changes, if there is NO traveling at the speed of light, What does NOT exist?

A

X-rays

76
Q

What is one form of electromagnetic energy on the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

X-radiation

77
Q

What is the smallest bit of electromagnetic energy?

A

Photon or Quantum (Several photons)

78
Q

What type of radiation travels as particles (particulate radiation)?

A

Beta OR Alpha Radiation

79
Q

What type of form does electromagnetic energy travel?

A

In a wave form

80
Q

What is it called when some electromagnetic energy forms may take on the characteristics of particles?

A

Wave-Particle Duality

81
Q

What is the rate and fall (oscillation) of the electromagnetic photon?

A

Frequency

82
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hertz (Hz)

83
Q

What is the distance between two successive peaks or valleys of an electromagnetic photon?

A

Wavelength

84
Q

What does lamda mean?

A

Wavelength

85
Q

What is wavelength measure in?

A

m- Meters

86
Q

What type of frequencies and wavelengths do x-radiation have?

A

High Frequencies

Short Wavelengths

87
Q

When the frequency of electromagnetic radiation INCREASES, What happens to the wavelength?

A

Decreases

88
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation?

A

X-ray Photon

89
Q

X-ray photons (electromagnetic radiation) is ___________ proportional to frequency.

A

Directly

90
Q

X-ray photons (electromagnetic radiation) is ___________ proportional to wavelength.

A

Inversely

Kettering (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions