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Kettering > Image Production- Part 1 > Flashcards

Image Production- Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Receptor Exposure?

A

Density-Blackness

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2
Q

Contrast?

A

Shades of Gray

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3
Q

Primary Controlling Factor for Contrast?

A

KVP

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4
Q

When kVp goes up, What happens to contrast?

A

Contrast goes down

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5
Q

When kVp goes down, What happens to Contrast?

A

Contrast Goes Up

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6
Q

Factors that affect the amount of exposure reaching the radiographic IR?

A

Photographic Factors

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7
Q

What are 2 photographic factors?

A

Receptor Exposure- Density (Blackness)

Contrast- Shades of Gray

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8
Q

Usually when receptor exposure (Density- Blackness) goes UP, What usually happens to Contrast (Shades of Gray)?

A

Contrast Goes Down

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9
Q

What are factors that affect the degree of divergence of X-ray beam and the information recorded on the radiographic IR?

A

Geometric Factors

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10
Q

What are 2 Geometric Factors?

A

Recorded Detail

Distortion

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11
Q

What is the amount of blackness or opacity of an area in a radiograph?

A

Radiographic Receptor Exposure (Density-Blackness)

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12
Q

What is the difference in densities on adjacent areas of the radiographic image?

A

Contrast

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13
Q

What type of contrast?

X-ray with black and white with a few shades of gray

A

High Contrast

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14
Q

What type of contrast?\

X-ray that contains many shades of gray

A

Low Contrast

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15
Q

High or Low Contrast?

Chest X-ray

A

Low Contrat

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16
Q

High or Low Contrast?

Extremity Images

A

High Contrast

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17
Q

When mAs goes UP, What happens to density?

A

Density goes UP

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18
Q

When mAs goes UP, What happens to Receptor Exposure?

A

Receptor Exposure Goes UP

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19
Q

What is the photographic factor for Quantity?

A

mAs

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20
Q

When SID goes UP, What happens to Receptor Exposure?

A

Goes DOWN- Inverse Relationship

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21
Q

When you double the distance- What happens to exposure?

A

Cuts back on exposure by 4

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22
Q

What is the density maintenance formula?

A

mAs 1/ mAs 2 = SID 1/Sid 2 Squared

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23
Q

What is the Photographic Factor related to Quality (Penatrability)?

A

kVp

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24
Q

When kVp goes UP, What happens to the amount of radiation reaching the IR?

A

It Increases

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25
Q

When kVp goes up by 15%, What must happen with the mAs?

A

Half the mAs

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26
Q

When kVp is decreased by 15%, What happens with the mAs?

A

Double the mAs

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27
Q

When screen speed goes UP, what happens to light?

A

More light is given off

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28
Q

When screen-speed increases, What happens to receptor exposure?

A

Receptor Exposure goes UP

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29
Q

When you have faster screens, What happens to patient dose?

A

Decreased Patient Dose

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30
Q

When you have faster screens, What happens to detail?

A

Decreased Detail

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31
Q

When you have faster screens, What happens to contrast?

A

Contrast goes UP

32
Q

When you have faster screens, What happens to radiographic exposure (Density- blackness)?

A

Receptor Exposure (Density- Blackness) Goes UP

33
Q

What do grids do?

A

Clean up Scatter

34
Q

More Matter =

A

More Scatter

35
Q

What is the formula for Grid Ratio?

A

Grid Ratio = Height of lead strips/ Distance between them

36
Q

What is the number of lead lines per inch or cm?

A

Grid Frequency

37
Q

When do you use a grid?

A

When part thickness is greater than 10 cm

38
Q

When given something that is NOT a grid, What do you use?

Ex. One grid is replaced by screen speed

A

Use a NonGrid (1)

39
Q

What is another name for mAs multiplication factor (Bucky Factor)?

A

Grid Ratio

Example: NonGrid = 1, 5:1 Grid = 2, etc

40
Q

When you add or use a grid and no technical adjustment is made, What happens to receptor exposure?

A

Receptor Exposure Decreases

41
Q

What is the grid factor for a NonGrid?

A

1

42
Q

What is the Grid Factor for a 5:1 grid?

A

2

43
Q

What is the Grid Factor for 6:1 grid?

A

3

44
Q

What is the grid factor for 8:1 grid?

A

4

45
Q

What is the grid factor for a 10:1 or 12:1 grid?

A

5

46
Q

What is the grid factor for a 16:1 grid?

A

6

47
Q

What is the grid conversion formula?

A

MAS 1/ mAs 2 = GCF 1/ GCF 2

48
Q

When you increase from a 12:1 grid to a 16:1 grid, What happens?

A

Increased Patient Dose

Increased Contrast because of More Scatter Cleanup

49
Q

What type of factor is Filtration?

A

Photographic Factor

50
Q

What does Filtration do to the beam?

A

Hardens the beam by removing low energy photons

51
Q

What does filtration reduce?

A

Reduces skin exposure to the patient

52
Q

When adding or using filtration, What happens to receptor exposure?

A

Receptor Exposure Decreases (because you are taking away fro the beam- so receptor exposure goes DOWN)

53
Q

When a body part is thick, What happens to beam attenuation?

A

Increases Beam Attenuation

54
Q

When you have a thick body part, what happens to receptor exposure?

A

Receptor Exposure Decreases

55
Q

Z=

A

Atomic Number

56
Q

A=

A

Atomic Mass

57
Q

When the atomic number of an object increases, What happens to beam attenuation?

A

Beam Attenuation Increases

58
Q

When the atomic number increases, What happens to radiographic exposure?

A

Radiographic Exposure Decreases

59
Q

What is the comparison of the receptor exposure of an object to water?

A

Specific Gravity

60
Q

When Specific Gravity increases, What happens to Attenuation?

A

Attenuation Increases

61
Q

When Specific Gravity increases and attenuation increases, What happens to receptor exposure?

A

Decreases

62
Q

What do additive diseases do to attenuation?

A

Increase beam attenuation

63
Q

What do additive diseases do to radiographic exposure?

A

Decrease Radiographic Exposure

64
Q

What do destructive diseases to to attenuation?

A

Decrease Beam Attenuation

65
Q

What do destructive diseases do to radiographic exposure?

A

Increase Radiographic Exposure

66
Q

What is another name for collimation/shielding?

A

Beam Restriction

67
Q

When you remove scatter, What happens to receptor exposure?

A

Goes Down

68
Q

When you have less tissue being exposed, You have Less?

A

Fog

69
Q

What is the formula used for adding or removing a Grid?

A

GCF = mAs with a Grid/ mAs without a Grid

70
Q

What is the formula for Changing Grid Ratio?

A

MAS 1/ mAs 2 = GCF 1/ GCF 2

71
Q

When you use beam restriction (collimation), The field size?

A

Decreases (Less Scatter- FOG)

72
Q

When you use beam restriction (collimation/shielding), What happens to radiographic exposure?

A

Decreases Radiographic Exposure and Reduces Scatter (Better Contrast)

73
Q

What is the difference between cathode and anode?

A

45%

74
Q

What is differences in the shades of gray?

A

Contrast

75
Q

What is the only factor that affects receptor exposure?

A

mAs (only thing mAs affects)

76
Q

Subject Contrast is affected by?

A

kVp

77
Q

What is the variations in absorbing ability of objects within that part of interest?

A

Subject Contrast

Kettering (15 decks)

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