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IMSE LAB PRELIM > SAFETY IN IMMUNO > Flashcards

SAFETY IN IMMUNO Flashcards

1
Q

A non-profit educational organization that provides a forum for fhe development, promotion, and use of national and international standards

A

Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute

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2
Q

Part of the US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health

A

Centers for Disease and Prevention

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3
Q

General safety practices

A
  • staff must wear lab coats and be additionally protected from contamination by infectious agents
  • foods and drinks should not be consumed at work areas or stored in the same area as specimens. Containers, refrigerators, freezers should be marked as containing a biohazard
  • specimens needing centrifugation are capped and placed inti a centrifuge with a sealed dome
  • a gauze square is used when opening rubber-stopper test tube to minimize aerosol production
  • autodilutors or safety bulbs are used for pipetting. Pipetting of any clinical material by mouth is strictly forbidden.
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4
Q

Instituded by CDC in 1985 to protect healthcare workers from exposure to bloodborne pathogens, primarily hepatitis B virus and HIV

A

Universal Precautions

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5
Q

Enumerate UP

A
  • wearing gloves when collecting or handling blood or any body fluids contaminated with blood
  • wearing face shield when there is danger of blood splashing on mucous membrane
  • disposing all needles and sharp objects in puncture resistant containers without recapping
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6
Q

Not limited to bloodborne pathogens anf considers all body fluid and moist body susbtances to be potentially infectious

A

Body substance isolation

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7
Q

Assumes every person in tge healthcare setting is potentially infected or colonized by an organism that could be transmitted

A

Standard precaution

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8
Q

What is the disadvantage of BSI

A
  • does not recommend handwashing after removing gloves unless visual contamination is present
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9
Q

What is the second level?

A

Isolation precautions/transmission-based precautions

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10
Q

What is the first level of precaution

A

Standard precautions

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11
Q

Specifies precautions to use in caring for all patients regardless of diagnosis or presumed infection status.

A

Standard precautions

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12
Q

Specifies precautions to use for patients either suspected or known to be infected with certain pathogens transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes.

A

Isolation precaution

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13
Q

used for patients known or suspected to be infected or colonizedwithhighly transmissible or epidemiologically significant pathogens that require special precautions in addition to standard precautions.

A

TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS/ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS

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14
Q

These must be used in addition to standard precautions for patients known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei (particles smaller than 5m)

A

Airborne precautions

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15
Q

Itisgeneratedwhenapatienttalks, coughs, or sneezes and during certain procedures such as suctioning

A

Droplet precautions

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16
Q

These must be used in addition to standard precautions when a patient is known or suspected to be infected or colonized with epidemiologically important microorganisms that can be transmitted by direct contact with the patient or indirect contact with surfaces or patient-care items.

A

Contact precautions

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17
Q

OSHA requires laboratories to have a personal protective equipment (PPE) program.

A
  • selection and use of gloves
  • facial barrier protection and occlusive bandages
  • lab gown as barrier protection
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18
Q

Hands should always be washed at the following times:

A
  1. Beforepatientcontact,when gloves are removed
  2. Priortoleavingtheworkarea
  3. Whenever the hands have been
    knowingly contaminated
  4. Beforegoingtodesignatedbreak areas, and before and after using
    bathroom facilities
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19
Q

Soiled glove removal

A
  • grasp the outside edge near the wrist. Peel away from the hand, turning the glove inside out. Hold the glove in opposive gloved hand
  • hold the contaminated glove in the gloved hand while removing the second glove
  • slide the ungloved finger under the wrist of the remaining glove. Peel off from inside, creating a bag for both gloves then discard
20
Q

Biologic hazard source

A

Infectious agents

21
Q

Sharp hazard source

A

Needle, lancet, broken glass

22
Q

Chemical hazard source

A

Preservatives and reagents

23
Q

Radioactive hazard source

A

Equipment and radioisotopes

24
Q

Electric hazard source

A

Ungrounded or wet equipment, frayed cord

25
Q

Fire/explosive hazard source

A

Bunsen burner, organic chemicals

26
Q

Physical hazard source

A

Wet floors, heavy boxes, patients

27
Q

Biological possible injury

A

Fungal, bacterial, viral, parasitic infection

28
Q

Sharp possible injury

A

Cuts, punctures, bloodborne pathogen exposure

29
Q

Chemical possible injury

A

Exposure to toxic, carcinogenic, caustic agent

30
Q

Radiation possible injury

A

Radiation exposure

31
Q

Fire explosive possible injury

A

Burns or dismemberment

32
Q

Phsyical possible injury

A

Fall, sprain, strain

33
Q

Biological hazards can be encountered in a healthcare setting on a daily basis

A

Biosafety

34
Q

Anything harmful or potentially harmful to health

A

Biohazard

35
Q

A term used to describe the safe handling of biological substances that pose a risk to health

A

Biosafety

36
Q

Healthcare personnel must be able to recognize or minimize exposure to them.

A

Biosafety

37
Q

Chain of infection requires

A

Source - method of transmission - susceptible host

38
Q

The most likely source of infection in serological testing is through

A

Contact with patient specimen

39
Q

most commonly used disinfectant

A

1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite

40
Q

applied to any infectious microorganism present in the blood and other body fluids and tissues.

A

Bloodborne pathogen

41
Q

Example of bloodborne pathogen

A
  • hepatitis C virus
  • human immunodeficiency virus
  • Hepatitis B virus
42
Q

HBV also known as

A

Serum hepatitis

43
Q

potentially life- threatening blood-borne pathogen that targets the liver.

A

Hepatitis B virus

44
Q

Found to be the primary cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis

A

Hepatitis C

45
Q
A

IMSE LAB PRELIM (3 decks)

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