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Biotechnology I Lab > Safety > Flashcards

Safety Flashcards

1
Q

The majority of centrifuge-related failures are due to what type of problem?

A

User error

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2
Q

What are the most common user errors when using a centrifuge?

A

Failure to secure the rotor to the drive, to put the lid on top of the rotor, and to secure the lid

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3
Q

Why is it important to use the correct rotors and containers in a centrifuge?

A

Effectiveness and safety

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4
Q

What should you do before you insert the rotor?

A

Drive spindle is clean and bowl should be dry

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5
Q

What can eventually cause any rotor to fail?

A

Corrosion and fatigue of the material

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6
Q

Why is balancing samples in the rotor so important?

A

Imbalance could cause breakage of samples and damage to centrifuge

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7
Q

What problems should you look for during regular visual inspects of a rotor?

A

Rough spots, pitting, discoloration, white power deposits

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8
Q

Why should centrifuge containers/tubes not be overfilled?

A

Centrifugal force will bring the samples to overflow

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9
Q

Why is it important to keep careful logs of rotor usage?

A
  • To determine the age of the rotor
  • Gives idea of lifetime of rotor
  • Determines when it is time to replace it
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10
Q

What is a good source of information concerning a chemicals safety hazards?

A

Material safety data sheet (MSDS)

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11
Q

What three items should always be worn when working with hazardous chemicals?

A

Lab coat, gloves, safety glasses

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12
Q

Why might putting a warm jar or bottle on a cold surface be hazardous?

A

Glass could crack and could allow fluid to escape

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13
Q

Why is a secondary container useful?

A

In case the primary container cracks, no spills will occur

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14
Q

Why is it useful to perform a “dry run” of a protocol using hazardous chemicals?

A

To identify possible hazards

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15
Q

How can you reduce risks inherent with using large stock containers?

A

By preparing several small stock tubes

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16
Q

Can all solid and liquid chemicals be stored together?

A

No

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17
Q

What are properties of essentially all organic liquids?

A

Combustible

Flammable

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18
Q

What are compatibility tables used for?

A

To see if one chemical is compatible to store safely with what other chemicals

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19
Q

Why is it a good idea to store liquids on lower shelves and cabinets?

A

In case of a spill, they are below eye level and will not drip on other shelves

20
Q

What is the most important reason for proper chemical storage?

A
  • to lessen the risk of fire
  • to prevent accidental mixing in emergencies
  • to minimize exposure to corrosive and toxic chemicals
  • to provide for effective management of chemicals
21
Q

Why should oxidizers be stored separately?

A

They are highly reactive

22
Q

What are properties of most oxidizing acids that require consideration in their storage?

A

Corrosive

Highly reactive

23
Q

On what type(s) of fire is an ABC or dry chemical fire extinguisher properly used?

A

On all three classes

A - paper wood
B - chemicals
C - electrical fire

24
Q

How do you handle a biological spill?

A

1 to 10 dilution of bleach for 20 mins

Spray with detergent disinfectant and wipe with alcohol

25
Q

How do you take care of a spill of an airborne pathogen?

A
  • hold breath and exit room
  • remove protective clothing in other room
  • call for professional to clean it
  • put sign on door to warn others
26
Q

How do you handle a radiation spill?

A
  • personal safety
  • radioactive waste goes in proper container
  • solution containing high phosphate concentration aides clean up
  • identify spill area
  • process repeated until there is no detection of radiation
27
Q

What immediate action should lab personnel take after a major spill?

A
  • attend to injured person and remove them
  • call emergency number
  • alert others
  • assist personnel to clean up spill
  • avoid tracking spill
28
Q

If there is a major fire in the lab, what actions should be taken by any and all lab personnel?

A 
Inform coworkers
Pull fire alarm
Take stairs
Evacuate to safe area
Attend to injured person
Close doors
29
Q

How do you clean up a chemical spill?

A
  • washing with detergents
  • chemical spill clean up kit should be used. Contains absorbance pads, reactants, and instructions
  • label the disposal bag
  • seal disposal bag
  • call for experienced personnel
30
Q

How do you deal with solvent fires (on a person) in the lab?

A

Smothering (stop, drop, and roll)

Don’t touch with hands

31
Q

What is meant by “being your brothers keeper” in a safe lab setting?

A

Pay attention to others. Advise them of possible errors

32
Q

What is done when you or someone else is injured?

A

Tell personnel
Immediate rinsing
Removal of clothing
Careful finding and vigorous with soap

33
Q

What is the risk of HBV infection for lab workers relative to the general population?

A

2 to 7 times as high

34
Q

What are the hazards of using acrylamide (used in making electrophoretic gels)?

A

All are hazards

  • neurological effects
  • carcinogenic potential
  • potential reproductive and developmental effects
  • rapidly absorbed through skin
  • easily spread with air current
35
Q

What is the most effective practice in using protective gloves?

A

Changing gloves when contaminated

36
Q

Phenol poisoning can occur through which routes of exposure?

A

Inhalation

Through skin absorption

37
Q

When working with hazardous powders, what are the main risks? How can the risks be minimized?

A

Measuring and mixing are high risk procedures

Working under the hood can reduce the risk

38
Q

Why are fume hoods potentially hazardous?

A

An air disturbance can cause the vapor to escape

39
Q

What are some good lab practices to reduce safety hazards, especially if using human blood?

A
  • washing hands thoroughly
  • dispose all contaminated material appropriately
  • decontaminating before washing
  • disposing of sharps
40
Q

How can simply heating a closed bottle or jar in a microwave be hazardous?

A

The jar could explode, blowing the microwave door off

41
Q

When are wearing safety glasses, goggles and face shields appropriate?

A

Safety glasses when you work with small quantities

Goggles when you work with quantities of more than 1 liter

Face shield is for working with very large quantities

42
Q

What should be the first action in response to a phenol spill or splash on the skin?

A

Flush with water

43
Q

Which lab accidents involving blood-borne pathogens can cause infections?

A

Needle puncture

Splash in the eye

44
Q

Why should wearing a lab coat be a standard safety precaution?

A

Because it prevents spills from reaching the skin

45
Q

At 100 V, what current level is sufficient to deliver a lethal shock?

A

25 mA

46
Q

How might failure to report a spill or contamination be detrimental to others?

A

Bad for work environment
Bad for trust between workers
Puts everyone at risk

47
Q

Which of these common procedures of using ethidium bromide offer a significant exposure hazard?

A

Preparation of stock solution and the use in CsCl gradients

Biotechnology I Lab (3 decks)

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