Safety Flashcards
I’m safe checklist
Illness
Medication
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue
Emotion
Risk awareness = PAVE
Pilot - I’m safe. Current, flight experience in aircraft
Aircraft- performance limitations, airworthiness
enVironment - wx and airport conditions
External pressures- get home itis. Etc
3 P model for risk management
Perceive
Process
Perform
Resume monitoring / perceiving
Use in every preflight
Perceive the risk. Assess the flight. Use PAVE
Process the info to determine severity of risk. Eg: risk is low ceilings. High risk of low time pilot. Lower risk if ifr pilot with reserve fuel , ifr a/c and good alternate.
Perform - do something to mitigate risk. With low ceiling make sure have extra fuel, monitor wx, look over route to alternate - any terrain? Etc.
REPEAT
Watch for complacency. Routine and repetition leads to complacency. By asking questions about other aircraft in pattern, instrument indications etc can check SA.
Operation pitfalls
Peer pressure he did it so I can
Mind set- tunnel vision
Get/there-itis
Duck under syndrome below mins
Scud running -
Continue vfr into imc
Getting behind aircraft
Operating without good fuel resv
Descent below mea
Flying outside the envelope
Neglect of flight planning preflight and checklists- more exper pilots
ADM
SRM
Aeronautical Decision Making is a systematic method to determine the best course of action
SRM single pilot resource mgt (v CRM). Using all resources (onboard and outside source) for single pilot
What percentage of aviation accidents are caused by human factors?
80%
Error chain is a poor judgement chain.
Teaching pilots to make sound decisions is the key to preventing accidents. A DM training focuses on the decision making process and the factors that affect a pilots ability to make affective choices. Timely decision making is an important tool. The learner who hesitates when prompt action is required or who makes the decision to not decide, has made a wrong decision. Emergencies require the pilot to think Assess the situation, choose and execute the actions that assure safety. It is important for flying instructors to teach learners that declaring an emergency when one occurs is an appropriate reaction. That’s for sure is that air traffic control gives the pilot priority handling 
The five hazardous attitudes
 Anti-authority. Don’t tell me what to do. Correct: follow the rules. They are usually right.
Impulsivity do it quickly Correct: not so fast. Think first.
Invulnerability it won’t happen to
Me. Correct? It could happen to me
Macho I can do correct taking chances is foolish
Resignation, what’s the use? Correct? I’m not helpless. I can make a difference. 
Workload mgt lesson
Gradually increase workload and monitor learners management of tasks. When becoming overloaded learner should stop think slow down and prioritize. Important they understand options that may be available to decrease workload such as make time with holding, auto pilot, if available, ATC assistance passenger helping. 
First teach stick and rudder. In order to apply critical thinking skills pilots need a high degree of confidence in their ability to fly the aircraft. Next the laws of system safety are introduced as learners begin to understand how best to identify hazards manage risk and use all available resources. Use scenarios that emphasize the skill sets being taught. Learners may be introduced more complex scenarios that focus on several safety of flight issues. Scenario we should start out simply, and then progressive complexity as the learner becomes able to handle the increased workload.

Instructors should continually evaluate student decision, making ability and offer. Suggestions for improvement. Not always necessary to present complex situations. By allowing learners to make decisions about typical issues that arise through the course of training, such as their fitness to fly weather conditions, equipment problems, etc. instructors can address effective decision making and allowing learners to develop judgment skills. Example when a discrepancy is found during preflight inspection, the learner should be allowed to initially determine the course of action to be taken. 
Motivation is a key to successful learning. Success breeds motivation. Help encourage success and motivation by a building block approach. Point out to student how previously learned material is a building block and helps learn more material. Should help formulate insight and contribute to training goals and promote confidence in the overall training program, and helps learn and develop a favorable self image. Slumps and learning are often due to declining motivation. It does not remain at a uniformly high level. It may be affected by outside, influences, such as physical or mental stresses or inadequate instruction. The instructor should strive to maintain motivation at the highest possible level, and be alert to detect and counter any lapses in motivation. 
Important to learn why student enrolled in course. Will shape lesson plans 
Be sure to provide positive feedback frequently by praising incremental success. Relating daily accomplishments to lesson objectives. Commenting favorably on learner progress and level ability. Can also compare learners performance with the requirements of airman certification standards ACS. 
To ensure learners continue to work hard the instructor should
Ask new learners about their training goals. Reward incremental successes in learning. Presenting challenges. Occasionally remind learners about their own stated goals for aviation training. And assure them that plateaus are normal and improvement will resume with continued effort. 
If a learner does not feel safe, they cannot concentrate. The instructor must stress flight safety during training to mitigate feelings of insecurity. Should also make every effort to help new learners, feel it is, and to reinforce their decision to pursue a career or hobby in aviation. Give us a feeling of belonging

