Instr Handbook Flashcards
What are the three learning theories?
Classical conditioning, Pavlovs
Operant conditioning similar, but association between behaviors and consequences of behavior
Social learning, learning by observation and imitation 
Modern learning theories grew out of two concepts, behaviorism and cognitive theory.
describe
Behaviorism is characteristic approach reward and punishment. Not so popular today better for breaking unwanted behavior such as smoking. Humans are always actively interacting with environment.
Call Grantant theory focuses on what’s going inside the mind. The process of thinking and learning rather than outside stimulus and response like behaviorism. So learning is not just a change in behavior. It’s a change in the way you think understand or feel. Most recent, psychological thinking, and experimentation in education, includes some aspect of cognitive theory. 
Aspect of cognitive theory, learning is information processing theory
Uses a computer system as a model for human learning. Process incoming information store and retrieve. Lot of information coming in. One way to process or deal with it is to let the unconscious mind take over, for example, adding rotor when starting a turn.
Aspect of cognitive learning is constructivism…
Aspect of cognitive theory, that learners do not acquire knowledge and skills, passively, but actively build, or construct them based on their experiences. Learners are given latitude to become effective problem, solvers, identifying and evaluating problems. Fosters critical thinking skills. While the learner is at the center of the process, the experience teacher is necessary to guide them through the information jungle. Constructivism good for some types of learning some situation, but not all. Constructivism encourages teaching learners how to use higher order thinking skills, HOTS in training-based problems or scenarios. 
What is blooms taxonomy of learning?
Aspect of cognitive theory, where taxonomy or classification is used to breakdown six levels of intellectual behavior from simple to complex : knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. ADM uses the last three higher order thinking skills, HOTS of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. 
Why is it important to teach aeronautical decision making and using higher order thinking skills HOTS
Common thread in aviation accidents is absence of higher order, thinking skills 
How do you teach HOTS?
Use strategies and methods that include problem based learning PBL, authentic problems, real world problems, learner centered, learning, active learning, cooperative, learning, and customize instruction to meet individual learners needs. Learners must progress from simple to complex. They must have some information before they can think about a subject beyond rote learning. For example, knowing that compliance with weight and balance limits is critical, they may not help them interpret weight and balance charts unless they know something about center of gravity. They may not know much about this, but they do know about playing on a seesaw during their childhood, plus they have basic experience, all waiting balance works and center of gravity. HOTS should be emphasized throughout the program of study for best results. Cognitive research has shown that the learning of HOTS is not a change in observable behavior, but the construction of meaning from experience.
At the heart of HOTS lies scenario based training SBT, which is an example of problem based learning PBL. Provides more realistic decision making opportunities. SVT modeling meets the challenge of teaching aeronautical knowledge, but enables the instructor to teach HOTS needed to improve ADM. SBT has become one of the primary methods to teach to teach today’s aviation learners how to make good aeronautical decisions. 
Perceptions and learning go to how different people learn differently site hearing touch. Post learning occurs through site 75% but site and hearing together account for almost 90% of all perception. Influences to perception include health goals and values self-concept good learner bad learner time, and opportunity repetition And element of threat if you’re afraid you’re not going to be learning 
Insight is the grouping of various perceptions into a meeting for Hol. Creating insight, for the learner is one of the instructors major responsibilities.

3 stages of acquiring knowledge
1 memorizing
2 understanding
3 solve problems make decisions
Concept learning
Schema
Concept learning is grouping like objects, ideas, people etc.
schema is a framework that helps organize and interpret info. Allow shortcuts in processing vast info. Know one mcdu - that schema allows you to learn a new one faster.
Domains of learning
Cognitive or thinking
Affective or feeling
Psychomotor or doing
Cognitive 6 levels of blooms taxonomy. HOTS is upper 3: analysis synthesis evaluation
Affective motivation enthusiasm feelings attitudes
Psychomotor see imitate practice habit
Skill knowledge is in parent physical skills acquired with practice for example, riding a bike without thinking about it. What are the stages of acquiring skill knowledge? 
Cognitive stage is the stage where you have to think about it and perform step-by-step imitation. Skill is usually poor.
Associative stage learner begins to associate individual steps with likely outcomes
Automatic response, stage, skill, and procedure begins to become automatic.
Developing a skill requires repeated practice There is often a plateau in the learning curve. As an instructor, know that the plateau may occur and keep encouraging the student through the plateau. Could try moving to a different place in the curriculum to give the student a break and let their subconscious mind continue to tackle the problem. 
