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intro to nursing science > Safety > Flashcards

Safety Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of safety?

A

Freedom from psychological & physical injuries
It is a basic human need that must be met.

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2
Q

What are the safety risks for infants & children?

A

They like to explore (Ex. baby proofing); like to climb (fall risk); poisoning (eat whatever they can get their hands on); drowning (cannot be unsupervised); car seat safety

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3
Q

What are the safety risks for adolescents?

A

Seeking independence & lack of fear (risk-taking behaviours); drowning; automobile accidents; substance abuse (vaping, smoking, drinking)

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4
Q

What are the safety risks for adults?

A

Lifestyle habits (workplace hazards); alcohol & substance abuse

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5
Q

What are the safety risks for older adults?

A

Lifestyle habits (workplace hazards); alcohol & substance abuse
Older adults – physiological & social changes; fall risk

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6
Q

What is the focus of safety for infants & children?

A

Sleep position & safe supervision; child-proofing; toilet seat locks (drowning risk); poison prevention; bike helmet safety; water safety (Ex. life jackets); stranger danger; allergy awareness

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7
Q

What is the focus of safety for adolescents?

A

Effects of alcohol & drugs; drivers education & car safety; safe sex & contraception, STI awareness; online media safety; mental health support

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8
Q

What is the focus of safety for adults?

A

Workplace violence; smoking cessation & awareness; substance use & abuse; interventions for mental health

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9
Q

What is the focus of safety for older adults?

A

Safe medication; falls; maintaining good health (physical & social activity)

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10
Q

What are some risks to patient safety in a HC setting?

A
  • Patient-inherent accidents
  • Equipment-related accidents
  • Procedure-related accidents
  • Falls
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11
Q

What are some workplace safety risks in a HC setting?

A
  • Infectious agents
  • Hazardous substances
  • Violence
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12
Q

What are the top 3 causes of death in Canada?

A
  1. Cancer
  2. Heart disease
  3. Patient safety issue
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13
Q

How often does someone die from a preventable patient safety issue in Canada?

A

Every 13 minutes

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14
Q

What is the most prevalent patient safety incident in the acute care system in Canada?

A

Falls & infections

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15
Q

What is a PSI (patient safety incident)?

A

PSI is a preventable unintended outcome of care caused by medical management or complication rather than by the underlying disease itself, resulting in prolonged healthcare, disability, or death

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16
Q

What is a sentinel event?

A

Severely harmed psychologically or physically, or killed, due to an unintended outcome of care

17
Q

What is a preventable adverse event? Example?

A

An error that could cause harm that we know of
- Ex. vancomycin administered too fast = vancomycin reaction syndrome (red man syndrome – flushed, hypertensive); given antihistamines to correct

18
Q

Discuss the Swiss Cheese accident model.

A

Defences against incidents:
- procedures, physical barriers, information, decisions
Holes:
- poor protocols, faulty equipment, missing info, inadequate supervision

19
Q

Incidents related to medication often occur because of…

A
  • Labels (similar labels, can run into trouble)
  • Illegible writing
  • Unapproved abbreviations
  • Symbols
20
Q

What is a fall? What are the different types of ‘fallers’?

A

A fall is an abrupt, uncontrolled, downward change in position in which potential for injury exists or actual injury occurs
Near fall – potential fall that is prevented through purposeful actions
Repeat faller – has had 2 or more falls in the last 3 months

21
Q

What puts someone at risk for falls?

A

Physiological changes due to aging
Pt hospitalization; surgery, medication (side effects Ex. dizziness)
Disease processes
Vision & hearing changes

22
Q

What is the BEEEACH fall reduction model?

A

B = behaviour change
E = education
E = equipment
E = environment
A = activity
C = clothing & footwear
H = health management

23
Q

How do you determine safety in the assessment section of the nursing process?

A

Ask about…
- Health history
- Pt’s home environment
- Health care environment
- Risk for falls
- Pt expectations

24
Q

What are restraints?

A

Defined by CNO as physical, environmental, or chemical measures used to control the physical or behavioural activity of a person or a portion of their body

25
Q

Discuss the patient restraints minimization act.

A

Went through in June of 2001 (Bill 85)
- Required HC facilities to establish policies with respect to restraining & confining pts, and the use of alternative methods to prevent serious bodily harm by a pt to themselves or to others
- States that whenever possible, alternatives to restraints should be tried

26
Q

What are the differences between the different types of restraints?

A

Physical - Limits movement of client’s whole body or body part (Ex. fixed table or bed rail)
Environmental - Control a client’s mobility (Ex. locked unit)
Chemical - pharmacological intervention to control, inhibit, or restrict a person’s behaviour (Ex. psychoactive medication)

27
Q

What are mitts/double padded mitts used for? Pelvic holder?

A

Mitts - for when patients are picking at scars or tubing, helps keep them from taking things apart
Pelvic holder - keeps patient in wheelchair, especially if they’re continuously trying to stand when they shouldn’t be

28
Q

Discuss the risks of restraints.

A
  • Increased injury (Ex. falls - climbing over bed rails, strangulation)
  • Circulation impairment (Ex. cool extremities)
  • Skin breakdown, unable to reposition self
  • Confusion, agitation, loss of dignity, depression, fear
  • Incontinence, constipation
  • Loss of bone mass & muscle atrophy (Ex. lack of movement)
  • Loss of appetite & dehydration
29
Q

What assessments would you make before applying the use of restraints?

A
  • Assess pt behaviour
  • Explore underlying causes/triggers & treat when possible
  • Consider alternative strategies
  • Collaborate with pt, family, and/or SDM when possible
  • Implement appropriate or preferred/individualized alternatives to assist the pt to manage the behaviour (if pt has capacity; can refuse care)
  • Document
  • If alternatives unsuccessful, review criteria for restraint
30
Q

When do we use restraints?

A
  • Protection – when pt may cause serious harm to themselves or others
  • Maintaining treatment
  • Enhance freedom or quality of life
  • Pt meets criteria & consent is obtained
    *** ALWAYS as a last resort
31
Q

What are a nurse’s responsibilities to a restrained patient?

A
  • Check every hour
  • Release from restraint q2h
  • Provide opportunities for ambulation, toileting, exercises, and other care
  • Any member of pt’s care team can release/remove restraint for care
  • Discontinue restraint when pt no longer ‘meets criteria’
  • Order required to apply restraint; MD or NP specific to agency policy (can apply in emergency situation, consult within the hour)
  • Assess all contributing factors
  • Consider alternatives first
  • Consent from pt or SDM
32
Q

What are the 3 main workplace safety risks in HC?

A

Infectious agents, hazardous materials, violence

33
Q

What is violence in HC?

A

Incidence where employees are abused, threatened, assaulted or subjected to other offensive behaviour in circumstances related to their work
Threatening behaviour; physical attacks; bullying & harassment

34
Q

Why is there violence in HC?

A

Culture of acceptance; fear of reprisal/lack of support, policies; stress/high emotions/unpredictable environments; staffing; seeking control in environments

35
Q

Discuss violence in workplace recommendations.

A

Zero tolerance
Education & training of HC professionals in the de-escalation of violence
Undertaking violence risk assessments of HC organizations, departments, and individual pts
Flagging of pts who pose a risk for violent behaviour
Personal safety response system that allows HC providers to call for help
Security personnel & protocols to respond to violence

intro to nursing science (5 decks)

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