SACT biology background

Question 1

What are the 10 Hallmarks of cancer?

Answer 1

1. Evading growth supressors
2. Avoid immune destruction
3. Immortal (don’t age)
4. Inflammation promoting tumour growth
5. Invasion and metastases
6. Angiogenesis
7. Genetic instability
8. Resisting cell death
9. Altering cell metbolism in favour of cell growth
10. Persistent growth signals

Question 2

What are the 5 stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 2

1. G0
2. G1
3. S
4. G2
5. M

Question 3

What occurs during G0?

Answer 3

The daughter cell rests - function is arrested or cell becomes terminally differentiated

Question 4

What occurs during G1?

Answer 4

1. Cell grows
2. Synthesises proteins needed for replication
3. Prepares to divide

Question 5

What occurs during S phase?

Answer 5

1. Chromasomes replicate forming 2 sister chromatids (DNA doubles)
2. Helicase unwinds DNA
3. Polymerase binds nucleic acid to the unwound SSDNA to form 2 new dsDNA

Question 6

What occurs during G2?

Answer 6

1. Replicated DNA is checked for errors
2. Cell grows and produces proteins needed to replicate

Question 7

What occurs during M phase?

Answer 7

1. Mitosis = nucleus divides
2. Cytokineses = cell divides