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Chemotherapy > Chemotherapy Basics > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cytotoxic chemotherapies?

A
  1. Cell cycle dependent agents
  2. Cell cycle independent agents
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2
Q

Which types of chemotherapies are cell cycle dependent agents? (4)

A
  1. Anti-metabolites
  2. Topoisomerase Inhibitor
  3. Anti-tumour antibiotics
  4. Mitotic inhibitors
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3
Q

Which types of chemotherapies are independent agents? (2)

A
  1. Alkylating
  2. Platinum
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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anti-metabolites?

A
  • Similar tructure to naturally occuring molecules used in nucelic acid synthesis so can be incorporated into cell RNA and DNA
    or
  • Inhibit enzymes needed for nucelic acid production
  • Induce cell death during S phase (Synthesis of DNA)
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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anti-tumour antibiotics?

A
  • Inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis by intercalating between base pairs of the DNA/RNA strand, preventing replication
  • Induces death during S Phase

(Originally from streptomyces)

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of mitotic inhibitors?

A

Prevent mitosis by interfering with microtubules

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of topoisomerase inhibitors?

A

Topoisomerase inhibitors interfere with the action of topoisomerase enzymes which usually catalyze breaking and rejoing of the phosphodiester backbone of DNA strands during DNA replication

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of alkylating agents?

A
  • Very reactive, add alkyl groups to DNA
  • Alkyl groups creates abnormal cross linkages between DNA strands, blocking DNA replication

(Derived from mustard gas)

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9
Q

What are the mechanisms of action of platinum agents?

A
  • Platinum compounds bind to DNA molecule creating abnormal cross-linkages between DNA strans, blocking DNA replication
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10
Q

Why use chemotherapies in combination?

A
  • Tumours develop resistance to single agents through changes to their membrane transport and DNA repair pathway
  • Use chemotherapies with different mechanisms of action and different toxicity profiles
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11
Q

What are common chemotherapy combination regimes?

A
  1. ECX
  2. Folfox
  3. BEP
  4. CAPOX
  5. MVAC
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12
Q

What are some examples of anti-metabolite chemotherapies?

A
  1. Capecitabine
  2. 5FU- Flurouracil (with folinic acid to potentiate)
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13
Q

What are some examples of topoisomerase inhibitor chemotherapies?

A
  1. Etoposide
  2. Topetacin
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14
Q

What are some examples of anti-tumour antibiotic chemotherapies?

A

Bleomycin/ Mytomycin

Anthracyclines:
Epirubicin, Doxorubicin

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15
Q

What are some examples of mitotic inhibitor chemotherapies?

A
  1. Vinblastine
  2. Paclitaxel
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16
Q

What are some examples of alkylating chemotherapies?

A

Cyclophosphamide

17
Q

What are some examples of platinum compounds?

A
  1. Cisplatin
  2. Carboplatin
  3. Oxaliplatin

Chemotherapy (3 decks)

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