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OS midterm Spring 2020 > Sacral Review: Joy Lecture > Flashcards

Sacral Review: Joy Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

List the major anterior sacral anatomic landmarks

A

Sacral base
sacral promontory
sacral apex

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2
Q

List the major sacral posterior anatomic landmarks

A

Inferior lateral angle

coccyx

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3
Q

The _____ is the lowest part of the spinal column, four vertebra, some fused, some not.

A

coccyx

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4
Q

________ ______ separate adjacent sacral segments. These fuse sequentially after puberty, beginning with the lowest segments and working up.

A

Epiphyseal plates

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5
Q

What are the bony articulations of the sacrum?

A

The fifth lumbar vertebrae superiorly

the coccyx inferiorly

two os coxae (innominates) through the SI articulations

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6
Q

True/False: After puberty females have more well developed and strong SIJ ligaments

A

False: men do, females need them to be mobile for childbirth… yikes.

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7
Q

What is added to the iliac surface in the second decade of life that becomes further pronounced into the third decade, limiting mobility of the joint?

A

Crescent shaped ridge develops along the iliac surface that interdigitates with a depression on the sacral side

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8
Q

What type of joint is the SI joint?

A

Diarthroidal

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9
Q

The ______ ______ is Anteriorly smooth, Posteriorly fibrous, giving
ligaments, and has Fibrocartilage

A

Iliac surface

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10
Q

Which surface of the sacrum is being described:
generally smooth
hyaline cartilage
decreases in width interiorly and is wedged between the two ilia

A

Sacral surface

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11
Q

This ligament is made up of Inferior fibers, from the third and fourth sacral segments, ascend to the PSIS and posterior end of the internal lip of the iliac crest.

A

Posterior sacroiliac ligament

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12
Q

This ligament Connects the third sacral segment to the lateral side of the pre-auricular sulcus

A

anterior sacroiliac ligament

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13
Q

This ligament connects the PSIS to the lateral aspect of the third and fourth sacral ligaments

A

Long dorsal SI ligament

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14
Q

This ligament becomes stretched when the sacrum is rotated in a posterior manner relative to the ilium (counternutation), as in:
• The early stages of pregnancy
• Aging & degenerative changes
• Backward torsions or unilateral/bilateral sacral extensions

A

Long dorsal SI ligament

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15
Q

This ligament

Runs from lower sacral tubercles to ischial tuberosity

Gluteus maximus attachment

Tendon of the biceps femoris attachment
Connects with fascia of the pelvis

A

STL

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16
Q

This ligament

goes from ischial spine to lateral margins of the sacrum where it blends with the sacrotuberous ligament

Forms part of the origin from which coccygeus muscle arises

A

Sacrospinous

17
Q

Which two ligaments serve to stabilize the limit of the posterior-superior rotation of the sacral apex around a transverse axis?

A

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous

18
Q

________ hypertonicity can cause ______. Evidence indicates that this may not be due to pressure, but to a chemical reaction that irritates peroneal fibers of the sciatic nerve. For this reason, there is referred pain down the posterior thigh.

A

Piriformis

sciatica

19
Q

What are the posterior pelvic landmarks that are used to diagnose an SD?

A 
PSIS 
AIIS 
ILA 
L5 SP and TP 
Sacral sulci
20
Q

Differentiate between form and force closure of the self locking mechanism of the sacrum

A

Form closure is simply how everything articulates with each other, how the bones connect

Force closure is the effect of the muscles, and the loading forces that are present from the body

21
Q

What are the posterior belt like effect muscles?

A

Latisimus dorsi, the thoracolumbar fascia, gluteus maximus, and the ITB.

22
Q

What are the ventral SI belt like muscles?

A

abdominal obliques, the linea alba, and the transverse abdominals.

23
Q

How are the oblique axes named in regards to the sacrum?

A

Named according to the side of the body toward which the superior end of the oblique axis is located.

24
Q

The ____ _______ ______ is a transverse axis about which the sacrum moves during the respiratory cycle and inherently due to PRM in OCMM. It passes from side to side through the articular processes posterior to the point of attachment of the dura at S2.

A

Superior Transverse (REspiratory) Axis

25
Q

The _____ ______ ______ axis is functional transverse axis of nutation & counternutation in the standing position, passing through the anterior aspect of S2.

A

Middle Transverse (Postural) axis

26
Q

The _______ _______ ______ is the functional transverse axis at the level of S3 through the inferior auricular surface, and represents the axis for movement of the ilia on the sacrum.

A

IT (Pelvic/ilial) axis

27
Q

What movements (lumbar and sacral) are being described here?

As the posterior structures of the lumbar spine move anteriorly, the sacral base moves posteriorly (apex anteriorly).

A

Lumbar flexion and sacral extension

28
Q

What movements (lumbar and sacral) are being described here?

As the posterior structures of the lumbar spine move posteriorly, the sacral base moves anteriorly (apex posteriorly).

A

Lumbar extension and sacral flexion

29
Q

In sacral extension, the base tips _____ and the apex moves _____

A

posteriorly

anteriorly

30
Q

Describe sacral flexion

A

Base Tips Anteriorly

Apex Moves Posteriorly

31
Q

All of the movements of the sacrum on the ilium are ______ movements.

A

gliding

32
Q

Rotation applied through the lumbar spine causes the sacrum to rotate towards the _______ side and sidebends towards the _______side.

A

ipsilateral

contralateral

33
Q

Sidebending applied through the lumbar spine causes the sacrum to sidebend towards the ______side…rotation direction during sidebending may be inconsistent.

A

ipsilateral

34
Q

The ilium always moves in the _____ direction of the sacrum

A

SAME

35
Q

________ is A transitional segment in which the first sacral segment becomes like an additional lumbar vertebra articulating with the second sacral segment.

A

lumbarization

36
Q

_______ is an Incomplete separation and differentiation of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) such that it takes on characteristics of a sacral vertebra.

A

sacralization

OS midterm Spring 2020 (15 decks)

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