Lab: Sacrum Flashcards
What are the steps to testing the sacrum?
1) Lateralization test
2) Active motion test
3) Passive motion test
What is the lateralization test for the sacrum?
Seated forward bending test
What are the active motion tests for the sacrum?
Backward bending test, respiratory motion test
What are the passive motion tests for the sacrum?
Lumbosacral spring test, oblique axis passive motion test
What is a positive seated flexion test?
One PSIS moves farther superiorly at the end range of motion
For a torsion SD of the sacrum, what side will the seated flexion test be positive on?
Positive on non-axis side
What could a negative seated flexion test be indicative of?
Bilateral dysfunction
During inhalation, describe the movement of the lumbar curve, sacral base, and sacral apex
Lumbar: lordotic curve decreases, flattens out
Sacral Base: moves posteriorly
Sacral Apex: moves anteriorly
During exhalation, describe the movement of the lumbar curve, sacral base, and sacral apex
Lumbar: lordotic curve increases
Sacral Base: moves anteriorly
Sacral Apex: moves posteriorly
What is a positive and negative test for a lumbar spring test?
Positive: resistance to springing; indicates preference for posterior sacral base motion unilaterally or bilaterally
Negative: ease of springing; indicates either normal motion or preference for anterior sacral base motion unilaterally or bilaterally
What is a positive and negative test for a backward bending test?
Positive: inequity between right and left increases/gets worse; moves posteriorly
Negative: sacral sulci and ILAs even out during test; moves anteriorly
For a positive seated flexion test on the left, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?
Left unilateral flexion
Left unilateral extension
R/R ST
L/R ST
For a positive seated flexion test on the right, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?
Right unilateral flexion
Right unilateral extension
L/L ST
R/L ST
For a negative lumbar spring test, what are the 5 possible diagnoses?
Left unilateral flexion Right unilateral flexion R/R ST L/L ST Bilateral flexion
For a positive lumbar spring test, what are the 5 possible diagnoses?
Left unilateral extension Right unilateral extension L/R ST R/L ST Bilateral extension
For a negative backward bending test, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?
Left unilateral flexion
Right unilateral flexion
R/R ST
L/L ST
For a positive backward bending test, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?
Left unilateral extension
Right unilateral extension
L/R ST
R/L ST
For a deep sacral sulcus on the right, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?
Right unilateral flexion
Left unilateral extension
L/L ST
L/R ST
For a deep sacral sulcus on the left, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?
Left unilateral flexion
Right unilateral extension
R/R ST
R/L ST
For a posterior ILA on the right, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?
Right unilateral flexion
Left unilateral extension
R/L ST
R/R ST
For a posterior ILA on the left, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?
Left unilateral flexion
Right unilateral extension
L/R ST
L/L ST
What is the diagnosis given the following information?
- Positive seated forward bending test on right
- Deep sacral sulcus on right
- Posterior ILA on right
Right unilateral flexion
What is the diagnosis given the following information?
- Deep sacral sulcus on right
- Posterior ILA on right
- Negative backward bending test
Right unilateral flexion
When should you gap the SI joint to allow the sacral base to move?
For bilateral/unilateral dysfunctions
For a bilaterally extended sacrum, what should your findings be?
Negative lateralization test (bilaterally positive) Bilateral posterior sacral sulci Bilateral anterior ILAs Positive LST False negative BBT
For a bilaterally flexed sacrum, what should your findings be?
Negative lateralization test (bilaterally positive)
Bilateral anterior sacral sulci
Bilateral posterior ILAs
Negative LST and BBT
For a unilaterally flexed sacrum, what should your findings be?
Lateralization test positive on side of dysfunction
Deep sacral sulcus on side of dysfunction
Posterior ILA on side of dysfunction
Negative LST and BBT
For a unilaterally extended sacrum, what should your findings be?
Lateralization test positive on side of dysfunction
Deep sacral sulcus opposite side of dysfunction
Posterior ILA opposite side of dysfunction
Positive LST and BBT
For a forward sacral torsion, what should your findings be?
Lateralization test positive opposite the axis
Deep sacral sulcus opposite the axis
Posterior ILA on same side as axis
Negative LST and BBT
For a L/L ST, what would a compensated L5 look like?
L5 N RR SL
For a backward sacral torsion, what should your findings be?
Lateralization test positive opposite the axis
Deep sacral sulcus on same side as axis
Posterior ILA opposite the axis
Positive LST and BBT
For a L/R ST, what would a compensated L5 look like?
L5 F/E RR SR
