SACCM 18: Upper Airway Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the upper airways terminate?

A

thoracic inlet of the trachea

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2
Q

What are the primary abnormalities in dogs with BOAS?

A
  • stenotic nares
  • enlongated soft palate
  • hypoplastic trachea
  • nasopharyngeal turbinates
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3
Q

What are secondary abnormalities from chronic increased resistance to airflow in dogs with BOAS?

A
  • everted laryngeal saccules
  • tonsillar eversions
  • laryngeal collapse
  • tracheal collapse
  • chronic GI sgins
  • syncope
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4
Q

How much does the nose contribute to resistance to airflow in a normal dog?

A

80%

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5
Q

What is the first line medical management for BOAS?

A
  • weight loss
  • control of excitement and activity triggers
  • medical management of GI signs
  • treatment of underlying pulmonary parenchymal disease
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6
Q

List 5 surgical procedures which may be used to treat BOAS

A
  • widening of nares
  • soft palate resection
  • everted saccules resection
  • tonsillectomy
  • cricoarytenoid lateralization with arytenoid laryngoplasty (laryngeal collapse)
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7
Q

Where do nasopharyngeal polyps originate?

A

from the mucosa of the auditory tube or middle ear

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8
Q

What is the recurrence of nasopharyngeal polyps after traction avulsion?

A

40-50%

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9
Q

What is an alternative surgical treatment to traction avulsion in nasopharyngeal polyps?

A

ventral bulla osteotomy

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10
Q

In laryngeal paralysis xxxxxxxxxx nerve dysfunction leads to weakness of the xxxxxxxxxx muscle which abducts the xxxxxxxxxx cartilage.

A

In laryngeal paralysis recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction leads to weakness of the cricoarytenoid muscle muscle which abducts the arytenoid cartilages.

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11
Q

List causes of laryngeal paralysis

A
  • congenital denervation
  • traumatic
  • iatrogenic (e.g., thyroidectomy surgery)
  • idiopathic (e.g., GOLPP)
  • neoplastic
  • diffuse neuromuscular disease (e.g., myasthenia gravis)
  • hypothyroidism
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12
Q

What are the 3 grades of laryngeal collapse

A
  1. eversion fo the laryngeal saccules
  2. medial positioning of the cuneiform processes and aryepiglottid collapse
  3. collapse of the corniculate cartilages
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