SAC stuff - Bioethics Flashcards
Explain the focus of a virtue-based approach in ethical decision-making.
A virtue-based approach considers the moral character of the person, emphasizing the characteristics and behaviors a ‘good’ person would exhibit, focusing on personal virtues rather than just actions.
Describe the focus of a consequence-based approach in ethics.
A consequence-based approach emphasizes considering the outcomes of an action, aiming for the maximization of positive results and minimization of negative results, focusing on the ends justifying the means.
What is the core concept of a duty-based approach in ethics?
A duty-based approach prioritizes ethical rules, emphasizing that certain rules must be followed irrespective of potential consequences, rejecting causing immediate harm for a potential ‘greater good.’
What does respect involve in bioethical considerations?
Respect includes recognizing the intrinsic and instrumental value of living things, considering welfare, autonomy, beliefs, and cultural heritage, and empowering and protecting individuals with diminished decision-making capacity.
Explain the concept of non-maleficence in scientific research.
Non-maleficence requires avoiding disproportionate harm from any position or action, ensuring that harm does not outweigh the benefits.
What is the commitment of beneficence in ethical decision-making?
Beneficence involves maximizing benefits and minimizing risks and harms associated with a particular position or course of action.
Define justice in the context of bioethics.
Justice is the moral obligation to ensure fair consideration of competing claims, prevent unfair burdens on specific groups, and ensure fair distribution and access to the benefits of an action.
What does integrity entail in scientific research?
Integrity involves a commitment to searching for knowledge, reporting results honestly (favorable or unfavorable), and contributing to public understanding, permitting scrutiny.
