sac revision questions Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the ability of the internal environment of the body to maintain a stable environment. This is important because it assists the body to function properly.
How does insulin help in maintaining homeostasis?
Insulin helps maintain homeostasis by reducing blood glucose levels in the body by promoting the intake of glucose by the body cells.
Is the action of bile mechanical or chemical digestion?
The action of bile is considered mechanical digestion as it breaks down big molecules of lipids through a process called emulsification.
How does the villi aid in absorption in the small intestine?
The villi’s hair-like projections help increase surface area, allowing the chemical breakdown process to run faster and more efficiently. It also moves in swaying contractions helping increase blood flow.
What is a target cell in the endocrine system?
A target cell consists of receptors that bind to a specific hormone. The binding of the ligand to the receptor causes a change to occur in the cell through a series of chemical reactions.
Explain how hormones that circulate throughout the body can only act on one specific type of target cell.
Hormones will only affect cells with the right receptor to which they’ll bind (binding specificity) An example of a binding cell for glucagon is hepatocyte.
What is meant by the term ‘signal transduction’?
The signal transduction pathway is a process that only hydrophobic hormone molecules go through because they can’t cross the membrane. This process allows the cell to respond to substances in the extracellular environment through signaling molecules.
What are the three steps in the signal transduction pathway?
- Reception - The cell detects a signaling molecule from outside the cell.
- Transduction - The cell and the signaling molecule bind to each other which creates a wave of changes in the protein.
- Response - A cascade of evens take place.
How does insulin help in maintaining homeostasis?
Insulin tells the cells to take up glucose from the blood and store it in the body’s cells. This reduces glucose blood levels, maintaining homeostasis.
How does glucagon help in maintaining homeostasis?
Glucagon tells the cells to take up glucose from the body cells and release it into the blood stream. This increases glucose blood levels, maintaining homeostasis.
What is the function of the pancreas in the endocrine system?
The function of the pancreas in the endocrine system is to produce the two hormones insulin and glucagon to help maintain blood glucose levels.
What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
The pancreas produces enzymes that help breakdown food, particularly proteins
What is type 1 diabetes?
A chronic condition where the pancreas stops producing insulin to maintain homeostasis in the body.
What are the steps of the stimulus response model?
- Stimulus
- Receptor
- Transmission molecule
- Effector
- Response
What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system
The function of the pancreas in the digestive system is to produce enzymes to break down and digest food, particularly protein
