endocrine system Flashcards
What are hormones?
Hormones are messengers made in glands that affect whats happening in the body through messages. These messages are sent through the bloodstream.
What are the two types of hormone molecules?
Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic
What are hydrophilic hormone molecules?
Hydrophilic hormone molecules are made from cholesterol and attract water so they can cross the plasma membrane to bind to their target cell.
What are hydrophobic hormone molecules?
Hydrophobic hormone molecules are made from amino acids and repel water so they cannot cross the plasma membrane to bind to their target cell, so they have to find the receptor on the surface of the plasma membrane to bind to it.
What is the signal transduction pathway?
The signal transduction pathway is a process that only hydrophobic hormone molecules go through because they can’t cross the membrane. This process allows the cell to respond to substances in the extracellular environment through signaling molecules.
What are the steps of the signal transduction pathway?
The three steps of this process are:
1. Reception - The cell detects a signaling molecule from the outside of the cell.
2. Transduction - When the signaling molecule binds to the receptor it creates a wave of changes in the proteins.
3. Response - This creates a cascade of events to take place.
What is the pituitary gland?
The pituitary gland is referred to as the master gland because it is located in a small section of the brain called the hypothalamus and controls the functions of most glands in the body.
What is a growth hormone?
Growth hormones are produced by the pituitary gland and its role is to help muscles and bones in the body to grow.
what is a thyroid-stimulating hormone?
Thyroid-stimulating hormones are produced by a gland in the neck called the thyroid and affect metabolism rates and control the speed of the body’s chemical functions.
What is the pancreas’s role in the endocrine system?
The pancreas’s role in the endocrine system is to secrete two types of hormones, insulin, and glucagon.
What is insulin?
Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas which helps decrease blood glucose levels in the body.
What is glucagon?
Glucagon is a hormone secreted by the pancreas which helps increase blood glucose levels in the body.
What is the thyroid gland?
The thyroid gland is located in the neck and controls metabolism rates in the body.
What is the parathyroid gland?
The parathyroid is a gland in the throat around the thyroid glands and help regular calcium and phosphorus throughout the body
Reproductive glands
The reproductive glands help secrete the reproductive hormones which are testosterone and oestrogen.
