Sac On monday

Question 1

Purpose of a dna standard

Answer 1

Consist of dna fragments of known size. It is used as a comparison group to determine the lengths of dna from other samples

Question 2

Define vector

Answer 2

A vector is a vehicle used to transmit genetic material from one host to another

Question 3

What does it mean if a piece of dna is inserted that is only one thick band

Answer 3

They haven’t cut it with a restriction enzyme

Question 4

Insulin using plasmids

Answer 4

The insulin A gene is made using reverse transcriptase by using an RNA template to create copyDna which has no introns. The insulin gene and the plasmid are cut at the same recognition site using the same restriction endonuclease creating complementary sticky ends on both the insulin gene and the plasmid. The insulin A is added to the plasmid in between the lacz gene and uses DNA ligase to create a phosphodiester bond. This results in a recombinant plasmid containing the insulin A gene. The recombinant plasmid is then added to the bacteria, where the bacteria is now a transformed bacteria. The plasmid is expressed to create an insulin A and beta galactosidase protein. The protein is then extracted from the bacteria and purified to create pure insulin A. Lastly, the insulin A and b chains are combined to create pure functional human insulin.

Question 5

Definition of STR

Answer 5

DNA sequences of 2-5 bases which repeat, one after the other, for different lengths in different individuals

Question 6

Consequence based apporoach

Answer 6

Places central importance on the consideration of the consequences of an action, aiming to maximise positive benefits and minimise negative effects.

Question 7

Probe

Answer 7

Single stranded length of DNA which is made complementary to the specific DNA target sequence, with a radioactive or fluorescent markers

Question 8

Gene cloning

Answer 8

The process in which a gene of interest is located and copied out of DNA extracted from an organism