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Sac 4 - Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

Mental Health

A

The psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment.

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2
Q

Mental health problems

A

Indicates a disruption to an individuals usual level of social and emotional wellbeing, including when our abilities are negatively impacted.

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3
Q

Resilience

A

An individuals ability to properly adapt to stress and cope with adversity.

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4
Q

Mental disorder

A

A psychological state characterised by emotional difficulties that lead to emotional emotional or behavioural impairment or disability serious enough to require psychiatric intervention.

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5
Q

Mental illness

A

Can be diagnosed by a mental health professional by determining if the combination of symptoms and severity of the symptoms overtime meet a certain criteria.

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6
Q

Placebo

A

A fake treatment that has no active effect, such as a fake pill or injection.

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7
Q

Placebo effect

A

Changes in behaviour caused by the participants belief that they have been exposed to a treatment that will affect them in some way.

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8
Q

Risk factors

A

Factors that impede or have a negative effect on the health of an individual.

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9
Q

Predisposing risk factors

A

Increase a persons vulnerability to develop a mental health problem. These factors can occur at conception or early in life and shape their personality.

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10
Q

Precipitating risk factors

A

Trigger the onset or exacerbation of a mental health problem. Precipitating factors are commonly known as triggers. These are events that occur shortly before the onset of a disorder and appear to have induced it.

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11
Q

Perputuating risk factors

A

Prolong the course of the disorder and inhibit recovery. Perpetuating factors are those that maintains the psychological problem and prevent resolution.

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12
Q

Protective factors

A

Have a positive affect on the health of an individual. These factors are positive forces in a persons life to help minimise the occurrence or reoccurrence of mental health problems. Protective factors include personal characteristics and social and family circumstances.

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13
Q

Predisposing risk factors example (biological, psychological, social)

A 
Biological:
- family history and genetic vulnerability
- physical illness
- environmental exposures before birth
Psychological:
- self-efficacy
- learnt behaviours
Social:
- neglect, abuse or trauma
- disorganised attachment
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14
Q

Precipitating risk factors example (biological, psychological, social)

A 
Biological:
- poor sleep
- substance use/ misuse
- physical illness
Psychological:
- confronting news
- life event stress
Social:
- losing a job
- loss of significant relationship
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15
Q

Perpetuating risk factors example (biological, psychological, social)

A 
Biological:
- poor response to medication due to genetic factors
- substance use/ misuse
Psychological:
- rumination
- impaired reasoning and memory
- avoidance behaviours
Social:
- role of stigma as a barrier to accessing treatment
- lack of support
- unemployment
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16
Q

Protective factors example (biological, psychological, social)

A 
Biological:
- adequate diet and sleep
- physical exercise
Psychological:
- resilient attitude
Social:
- positive social group
- satisfying job
- suitable accommodation
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17
Q

Genetic vulnerability

A

Increases the likelihood of developing a particular disease based on a person’s genetic makeup

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18
Q

Rumination

A

The compulsively focused attention on the symptoms of one’s distress, and on its possible causes and consequences, as opposed to its solutions. There are three forms of rumination: stage, action and task-irrelevant

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19
Q

Stage rumination

A

Involves dwelling on the consequences and feelings associated with a failure

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20
Q

Action rumination

A

Consists of task-oriented thought processes focused on goal achievement and correction of mistakes

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21
Q

Task-irrelevant rumination

A

Uses events or people unassociated with the blocked goal to distract a person from the failure

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22
Q

Cumulative risk

A

The accumulation of and exposure to multiple risk factors that increase susceptibility to developing a mental disorder of perpetuates an existing mental disorder. Some of the cumulative risks that might be associated with the development of depression include:

  • serious physical health problems
  • past experiences
  • side effects from medication
  • family history of depression
  • social isolation or loneliness
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23
Q

Anxiety

A

A feeling of apprehension, dread or uneasiness in response to an unclear or ambiguous threat.

24
Q

Anxiety problems involve:

A
  • high levels of physical signs of anxiety
  • restrictive, self-defeating behaviour patterns
  • a tendency to use elaborate defence mechanisms of avoidance responses to get through the day
  • pervasive feelings of stress, insecurity, inferiority, unhappiness and dissatisfaction with life.
25
Anxiety disorder
A mental disorder that involves feelings of extreme anxiety, accompanied by physical and psychological symptoms, which prevents a sufferer from normal functioning.
26
Common anxiety disorders
- generalised anxiety disorder - social phobia - specific phobia - obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) - post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - panic disorder
27
Phobia
A persistent, irrational and intense fear of a specific object, activity or situation
28
Specific phobia
An intense, irrational fear and avoidance of a particular object, activity or situation
29
Most common phobias
- animal type - natural environment type - blood/infection/ injury type - situational type
30
Biopsychosocial model
An approach that proposes that health and illness outcomes are determined by the interaction and contribution of biological, psychological and social factors.
31
Phobia (biological, psychological, sociocultural)
Biological: gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) disfunction; the role of stress response; long-term potentiation Psychological: behavioural models; cognitive bias Sociocultural: specific environmental triggers stigma around seeking treatment
32
Long-term potentiation (biological)
A form of neural plasticity that leads to an increase in the efficacy of synaptic transmission
33
Cognitive bias (psychological)
A type of error i thinking that occurs when people are interpreting information
34
Memory bias (psychological)
A type of error in thinking that may either enhance or impair the recall of memory, or it may alter the content of what we report remembering
35
Catastrophic thinking
Occurs when an individual repeatedly overestimates the potential dangers and assumes the worst of an object or an event
36
Behavioural model (psychological)
Proposes the phobic anxiety that could be the result of learning
37
Stigma around seeking treatment
- reluctance to seek help or treatment - a lack of understanding by family, friends, co-workers or others you know - fewer opportunities for work, school or social activities or trouble finding housing - bullying, physical violence or harassment
38
Evidence- based interventions
Treatments that have been proven effective based on the integration of clinical research and expertise aimed at changing target behaviour
39
Benzodiazepines
A group of medications used in the short-term treatment of phobic anxiety; they enhance the GABA-induced inhibition of overexcited neurotransmitters, resulting in calming nervous activity
40
Agonist
A substance that increases the release of a neurotransmitter or imitates its activity by causing the post synaptic neuron to fire
41
Antagonist
A substance that inhibits the release of a neurotransmitter or blocks receptor sites, making the post synaptic neuron less likely to fire
42
Breathing retraining
The process of identifying incorrect breathing habits and replacing them with correct ones.
43
Controlled breathing can cause physiological causes that include:
- lowered blood pressure and heart rate - reduced levels of stress hormones in the blood - balanced levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood - improved immune system functioning - increased physical energy - improved sleep
44
Mental health benefits of regular exercise
- an increase in alertness and concentration - a boost in confidence and self-esteem - a release of feel-good brain chemicals such as endorphins - improved sleep - distraction from worries and rumination
45
Common cognitive behavioural therapy techniques for treatment of a specific phobia:
- relaxation training - flooding - imaginal flooding
46
Systematicdesensitisation
A type of behaviour therapy whereby an individual with a phobia or fear is exposed to the fear-producing object, activity or situation very slowly, by degrees, under relaxed conditions until the fear response is extinguished
47
Reciprocal inhibition
The concept that one emotional state is used to block another, as is the case in systematic desensitisation
48
Psychoeducation
The education about a mental illness such as the nature of the illness, its treatment and management strategies
49
Challenging, unrealistic or anxious thoughts: cognitive distortions fall into the following categories:
- fortune-telling - overgeneralization - catastrophizing
50
Resilience
An individuals ability to properly adapt to stress and cope with adversity
51
Resilience protective factors (biological, psychological and social)
adequate diet and sleep (biological) cognitive behavioural strategies (psychological) support from family, friends and community (social)
52
The transtheoretical model stage 1 (Precontemplation)
no intention of changing behaviour
53
The transtheoretical model stage 2 (Contemplation)
aware a problem exists, no commitment to action
54
The transtheoretical model stage 3 (Preparation)
intent on taking action
55
The transtheoretical model stage 4 (Action)
active modification of behaviour
56
The transtheoretical model stage 5 (Maintenance/relapse)
sustained change- new behaviour replaces old | may fall back into old patterns of behaviour
57
How many Australian adults are diagnosed with mental illness each year?
1 in 5, 20%

Psych (4 decks)

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