sac 4 - AOS 1 reviewing performance - the need for change Flashcards

1
Q

analysing business performance

A

> businesses measure their performance through key performance indicators
data gathered from kpis informs managers about the effectiveness and efficiency of different areas of the business
kpi data allows managers to make more informed decisions

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2
Q

key performance indicators (9)

A
>percentage of market share
>net profit
>rate of productivity growth
>number of sales
>rates of staff absenteeism
>level of staff turnover
>level of wastage
>number of customer complaints
>number of workplace accidents
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3
Q

benchmarking

A

benchmarking is being able to compare results against some sort of standard

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4
Q

percentage of market share

A

a businesses share of the total sales in an industry for a particular good or service, expressed as a percentage.
calculated by number of sales of business divided by total number of sales in the industry.

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5
Q

net profit

A

the amount of money left over after expenses have been deducted from revenue earned

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6
Q

rate of productivity growth

A

the amount of inputs used and the rate in which it increases over time

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7
Q

number of sales

A

the amount of goods or services sold in a specific period o time.

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8
Q

rate of staff absenteeism

A

the number of employees that do not turn up to work when expected to be there

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9
Q

level of staff turnover

A

the rate in which people leave the business and need to be replaced

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10
Q

level of wastage

A

the amount of recourses and finished goods that are discarded during the production process

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11
Q

number of customer complaints

A

the amount of people that are dissatisfied and or its products and have notified the business of their dissatisfaction

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12
Q

number of workplace accidents

A

the amount of people injured or nearly injured at work due to unplanned events

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13
Q

change management

A

> business change is the adoption of a new idea or behaviour by a business which is a result from pressures from the business environments. this means alteration of the business must take place.
business environments include factors such as economy, customers, employees, technology, competitors

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14
Q

examples of business change

A

> woolworths and coles plastic bag ban- woolworths 20th coles 30th june 2018
driving forces
- societal attitudes- society is becoming more environmentally friendly
- competitors for coles as woolwoths implemented the ban and coles didn’t want customers to go to competitor for more environmentally friendly shopping
- reduction of costs
- persuit of profit
restraining forces
-organisational inertia as business may be scared that customers wont like the decision and resent the business

>dominos pizza checker- quality control to satisfy customers ad improve quality- may 2019
>driving forces
-technology
-competitors
-innovation
>restraining forces
-employees as they may need training or fear of using new technology
-financial considerations
-
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15
Q

incremental vs transformationsal change

A

incremental - small continuous changes that occur regularly in the business
eg new process to improve efficiency
transformational - significant changes that are often impacting the whole business
eg a company restructure or a merger

distinguish- the difference between transformational and incremental change is the size and impact of the change. incremental change is small continuous changes that occur regularly in the business with smaller impacts, whereas transformational changes are significant and often impact the whole business.

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16
Q

proactive vs reactive

A

> it is important that business are proactive rather then reactive
proactive means seeing changes in the dynamic environment and taking advantage.
reactive mean letting the business environments (economy, customers, employees, technology, competitors) impact the business before making changes

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17
Q

driving forces (10)

A

driving forces are those factors that initiate or support change.
>driving forces push the business towards a new desired state
>include managers, employees, technology, innovation, pursuit of profit, reduction of costs, legislation, globalisation and societal attitudes, competitors

18
Q

managers (d)

A

> managers can initiate change after reviewing kpi data

>managers that are strong leaders can help drive the business towards the change

19
Q

employees (d)

A

> employees can drive change through innovation
they can place demands on the business to change conditions, policies and processes as they are the ones affected by change

20
Q

competitors (d)

A

> many industries are highly competitive

>competitors can drive a business to implement changes to gain a sustainable competitive advantage

21
Q

legislation (d)

A

> changes in laws can force a business to implement change.
legislation can change at federal, state or local level
eg changes to penalty rates in some industries

22
Q

pursuit of profit (d)

A

> businesses that are looking to increase profits, may implement changes to the business
eg marketing campaigns, expansions, or new product lines

23
Q

reduction of costs (d)

A

> costs eat into profit margins
reducing costa can help a business become more profitable
a business that has high costs can initiate change

24
Q

globalisation (d)

A

> globalisation is the process where economic boundaries are removed ad business begin operating on an international scale.
increases global competition
allows businesses to take advantage of global markets

25
technology (d)
>technology can impact all parts of a business | >businesses may need need to implement technology to remain competitive.
26
innovation (d)
>innovation is adopting something new or improving on what already exists >this could include - new production process - new or improved products
27
societal attitudes (d)
>societies attitudes are constantly changing | >businesses that fail to keep up wth these attitudes risk falling behind
28
restraining forces
>restraining forces are those factors that work against a proposed change >restraining forces make it difficult for the business to implement change successfully >businesses can look to reduce the impact of the restraining forces to help the change be successful >include; managers, employees, organisational inertia, financial considerations, legislation, time
29
managers (r)
>managers on all levels can act as a restraining force against change eg middle or lower management may not support changes proposed by senior management or managers may not have the ability to lead a business through change
30
employees (r)
>employees are the ones most impacted by the change >change can bring on feelings of fear and anxiety within employees causing resistance >if employees feel they havent been consulted or do not feel appreciated may look to resist change >change may have a negative impact on employees eg loss of employment
31
time (r)
>businesses may find a lack of time will impact their ability to implement change successfully >businesses may be under pressure from competitors or in a poor financial position and need to act quickly
32
organisational inertia (r)
>organisational inertia is a businesses lack of ability to respond to pressures and embrace change >cultures or management that are unenthusiastic to change can make it difficult to gather momentum towards the change >conservative or stuck in tradition
33
legislation (r)
>legislation may block or make it difficult to implement change >tis can increase the costs of implementing a change eg the acc may block a proposed merger if it feels it will reduce competition in the market
34
financial considerations (r)
>the immediate and long term costs of a proposed change may make it difficult for the change to be implemented successfully
35
lewins force felid analysis theory
a process of identifying and analysing driving and restraining forces that affect a proposed change. steps; >identify driving forces >identify restraining forces >analyse ad rank each driving and restraining force due to how significantly they impact the change >create an action plan to reduce strength of restraining forces or increasing strength of driving forces - if driving and restraining equal then not likely to be successful - if restraining forces are higher then dont implement - if driving forces are higher then implement
36
advantages of force feild analysis theory
>managers are able to identify and analyse the forces for and against the change >helps determine if the change is worth pursuing >allows managers to develop ways of reducing the restraining forces eg training >allows actions and timelines to be developed >identifies stakeholders that will likely be supported of the change and those that may resist the change
37
porters generic strategies
>porter found that business are able to gain a competitive advantage by focusing on generic strategies >include lower cost strategy and differentiation strategy only should use one strategy EITHER low cost OR differentiation but cannot completely ignore each other
38
lower cost strategy
>where a business is able to gain a a competitive advantage by becoming THE low-cost producer in its industry eg aldi >businesses can achieve this in a number of ways, including; - achieving economies of scale - implementing technology - preferential access to raw materials >by becoming the low cost producer, businesses can gain advantage in two main ways; -sell the good/service at or near the industry average, and therefore increasing the profit margins -prices can be reduced to become more attractive to the price sensitive customer >it is important that are deducting costs doesn't affect the quality ADVANATGES >strong competitive advantage in markets with 'price conscious' consumers DISADVANTAGES >potentially lower customer loyalty as customers are only price sensitive >potentially customer may associate lower price with lower quality >standardised goods and services will not meet the demands of customers who want unique, customer specific offerings or something different.
39
differentiation strategy
>the differentiation strategy is where the business aims to be unique in its industry in some way that is valued ny its customers >this allows businesses to charge a premium price for the product >customers are attracted to a unique offering >differentiation can be achieved in a number of ways including; - high quality materials - patents - marketing - relationships - innovations - training - distribution ADVANTAGES >strong competitive advantage in markets with brand loyalty >can change to premium pricing as the cost is not such an important consideration to consumer >can work wth large businesses who have money to create a brand image >can work with small businesses who create a unique point of difference DISADVANTAGES >is not good for price sensitive consumers/markets >the unique features can be copied or mimicked by other producers domestically or overseas which destroys competitive advantage >can be hard to protect your intellectual property, copyright etc
40
five competitive forces
>when deciding which strategy to implement, porter stares that businesses should understand the competitive forces that make up their industry >five competitive forces; - supplier power: how easy it is for customers to drive costs up - buyer power: how powerful buyers are in riving prices down - competitive rivalry: looks at the number and capability of competitors - threat of substitution: how easy it is for new competitors to find a similar good or service - how easy it is for new competitors to enter the market >which generic strategy? 1. analyse the competitive forces 2. determine what the businesses strengths are 3. compare the strengths to the competitive forces 4. decide the most appropriate strategy