SAC 3

Question 1

public health

Answer 1

the health of a population as a whole, especially monitored, regulated and promoted by the state.

Question 2

old public health (biomedical mode of health)

Answer 2

focuses on the biological aspects disease and illness; a medical model of care practiced by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease.

Question 3

strengths of the biomedical model of health

Answer 3

• life expectancy and quality of life is improved
• leads to significant advances in medical technology and research
  most people and conditions can be treated and ‘cured’

Question 4

limitations of the biomedical model of health

Answer 4

• The ‘fix it’ approach doesn’t promote good health
• relies on costly medical technology and practitioners (costly)
• not all conditions can be treated and cured

Question 5

new public health (social model of health)

Answer 5

an approach to healthcare that recognises that improvements in health and wellbeing can only be achieved by directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and environmental factors of health.

Question 6

principles of the social model of health AREAS

Answer 6

Addresses the broader: determinants of health
- focuses more on behavioural factors
- social, economic and environmental determinants
Reduces social inequities:
- reduce the barriers that may prevent people from experiencing good health such as income, race or gender
- aims to ‘level the playing field’
Empowers individuals and communities:
- give people the knowledge and skills needed to allow them to participate in the decisions that positively impact their health
Access to healthcare:
- addresses the social and environmental barriers that may restrict someones ability to access healthcare such as location and income
inter-Sectorial collaboration:
- government and non-government groups working together to address barriers and improve health outcomes for all

Question 7

strengths of the social model of health

Answer 7

• aimed at a population level; most cost effective
• encourages good health through disease prevention
• health messages can be passed down to future generations
• can be targeted to vulnerable population groups

Question 8

limitations of the social model of health

Answer 8

• health messages can be ignored
• not all conditions can be prevented (genetic conditions)
• doesn’t assist those who are already sick

Question 9

3 strategies for health promotion AME

Answer 9

advocate - actions that seek to gain support to make changes to improve health determinants for everyone
mediate - resolve conflict to produce outcomes that promote health
enable - ensuring equal resources (education, employment) and opportunities are available to people to allow them to achieve equal health

Question 10

5 action areas of the Ottawa charter BCSDR

Answer 10

Build healthy public policy 
Create supportive environments 
Strengthen community action 
Develop personal skills 
Reorient health services

Question 11

Building healthy public policy

Answer 11

develop policy, rules and regulation, taxation and legislation by government organisations to promote health and wellbeing

laws and policed make it easier to practice good health and harder to practice bad health habits

examples:

• no hat no play
• no jab no play
• mandatory pool fencing
• 120 hour supervised driving for learner drivers

Question 12

create supportive environments

Answer 12

create supportive environments that encourages individuals to make healthy choices easier; making it easier for people to make healthier choices by providing physical and social environments that promote health

examples:

• shade over playgrounds
• bike paths and walking tracks
• the Quitline online and phone counselling services
• red frogs at schoolies

Question 13

strengthen community action

Answer 13

involve and encourage people from many different groups within the community to work towards a common goal for improving health.

examples:
- local mens shed programs

Question 14

develop personal skills

Answer 14

inform and empower people usually education to make informed decisions and therefore healthier choices.
Developing personal skills is about providing people with the skills they need to be able to take control of their health and make healthy choices. This priority area is about education, specifically the development of health-related knowledge (health literacy).

Question 15

reorient health services

Answer 15

Switch focus from biomedical to preventative health care, encourage medical professionals to promote health through a preventative approach. Reorienting health services is about shifting the health system towards prevention, as opposed to focusing on cure. Reorienting health services is moving from the biomedical model to a health promotion focus.

examples:
A doctor’s waiting room often has preventative messages on their wall, such as reducing tobacco smoking, or preventative measures for type 2 diabetes.