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Health and human > SAC 2 > Flashcards

SAC 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is public health?

A
  • organised response by society to protect and promote H&W
  • prevent illness, injury and disability
  • Australian Governments acting to improve public health
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2
Q

What is old public health?

A
  • first public measures focussed on addressing the physical environment once it was understood that bacteria and poor hygiene were a major cause of infectious diseases
  • actions that focus on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease
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3
Q

What is the biomedical approach to health?

A
  • focuses on the biological aspects of disease and illness
  • produced by health professional and is associated with diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease
  • “band aid” approach as it doesn’t look at causes
  • aim is to return the patient to their “pre-illness” health
  • relies heavily on healthcare practicians
  • focused on individuals
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4
Q

Advantages of biomedical approach to health

A
  • extends life expectancy

- improves quality of life

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5
Q

Disadvantages of biomedical approach to health

A
  • not every condition can be treated

- does not encourage or promote good health

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6
Q

What is new public health?

A
  • aim of new public health is to prevent illness, disease and injury from occurring by modifying the risk factors
  • about health promotion
  • focused on a population level
  • considers the ways in which the physical, sociocultural and political environments impact on health
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7
Q

What is health promotion?

A

process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health

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8
Q

What is the social model of health?

A
  • approach that recognises improvements in H&W can only be achieved by directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and environmental factors of health that have an impact on individuals and population groups
  • focuses on educating the public
  • 5 key principles AREAS
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9
Q

Social model of health: addresses the boarder determinants of health

A
  • focuses more than behavioural factors
  • social, economic and environmental determinants
  • focuses on reducing the impacts of factors that contribute to inequalities in H&W
  • e.g. gender, SES, location of physical environs etc
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10
Q

Social model of health: reduces social inequality

A
  • aim to “level the playing field”

- reduce barriers that that may prevent people from experiencing good health e.g. income, race, gender

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11
Q

Social model of health: empowers individuals and the community

A
  • give people the knowledge and skills need to allow them to participate in decisions that positively impact their health
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12
Q

Social model of health: acts to enable access to healthcare

A
  • addresses the social and environmental barriers that may restrict someones ability to access healthcare
  • e.g. location, income, language barrier
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13
Q

Social model of health: intersectional collaboration

A
  • governments and non-government groups work together to address barriers and improve health outcomes for all
  • work towards a common goal
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14
Q

Social model of health strengths

A
  • aimed at population level, more cost effective

- encourages good health through disease prevention

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15
Q

Social model of health limitations

A
  • health messages may be ignored

- doesn’t assist those who are already sick

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16
Q

What is the Ottawa charter for Health promotion?

A
  • approach to health development by the World Health Organisation
  • attempts to reduce inequalities in health
  • provides 5 action areas used as a basis for improving health status with are centres around 3 strategies
17
Q

Ottawa charter for health promotion strategies for health promotion enable

A
  • supporting people with the information, equal opportunities, resources and skills they need to achieve optimal health and wellbeing
18
Q

Ottawa charter for health promotion strategies for health promotion advocate

A
  • actions that aim to seek support from governments and society to make necessary changes to improve the factors that influence H&W
  • lobbying governments and other organisations to improve access to healthcare services
19
Q

Ottawa charter for health promotion strategies for health promotion mediate

A
  • often health promotions require changes in legislation, policies, physical environment and sociocultural environment which may cause conflict between different groups
  • helps resolve conflicts and leads to a coordination of all parties involved to ensure health promotion
20
Q

Action areas of Ottawa charter: build healthy public policy

A
  • develop policy, rules and regulation

- taxation and legislation by government and organisations to promote H&W

21
Q

Action areas of Ottawa charter: create supportive environments

A
  • create environments that encourage individuals to make healthy choices easier
22
Q

Action areas of Ottawa charter: strengthen community action

A
  • involve and encourage people from all parts of the community to work together to achieve a common goal of better health
23
Q

Action areas of Ottawa charter: develop personal skills

A
  • inform and empower

- usually education is used to make informed decisions and therefore healthier choices

24
Q

Action areas of Ottawa charter: reorient health services

A
  • switch focus from biomedical to preventible healthcare

- encourage medical professional to promote health through a preventable approach

25
Q

What is medicare?

A
  • universal health insurance scheme
  • provides medical care to patient via their GP or hospitals for little or no costs
  • available to all Australians, New Zealand residents and people from countries with reciprocal agreements
  • aims to ensure all Australians are ale to access basic health care that is subsided by the government, when and where they need it
  • funded by the federal government
26
Q

What is medicare levy?

A
  • additional 2% tax
  • placed on the taxable income of most tax payers
  • low income earners are exempt of levy
27
Q

What is medicare levy surcharge?

A
  • people who earn above a certain amount without PHI pay ab extra tax
  • greater than $90 000 = extra 1%
  • greater than $140 000 = extra 1.5%
  • aims to encourage individuals to take out PHI to reduce the demand on the medicare funded public health system
28
Q

What is medicare general taxation?

A
  • third source of revenue as the medicare level and medicare levy surcharge does not meet the full operating costs of medicare
  • covers additional costs
29
Q

What is the pharmaceutical benefits scheme (PBS)?

A
  • subsidise the costs of a wide range of essential prescription medications
  • allows medicare card holders to have access to common prescription medications at a lower rate
30
Q

What is the national disability insurance scheme (NDIS)?

A
  • provides services and support for people with permanent, significant disabilities and their families and carers
  • to be eligible a person must be 65 years or younger
  • funded across all levels of government
31
Q

What does NDIS do?

A
  • access mainstream services and supports
  • access community services and supports
  • maintain informal support and arrangements
  • receive necessary and reasonable funded support
32
Q

What is private health insurance (PHI)?

A
  • optimal additional health insurance
    provides people with coverage of health services not covered by medicare
  • members are required to pay a fee
33
Q

Why do we need the PHI system?

A
  • assists in taking pressure off medicare and the public system
  • give individuals more choice in regards to their health care
  • adds significantly to the funding of the healthcare system

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