Sac 2 Flashcards
What is discourse?
Whole text, involves speaking and writing, organising sequencing ordering and chronology
Written- paragraphs, headings
Spoken- utterances, turns
Describe inferences
internal= in the text External= life experience, knowledge of the context, expectations of pattern. Eg. Getting a customer to try a different size of clothing (experience of knowing it's rude or taboo)
What are organs of speech (10)
Jaw, teeth, lips, tongue, palate, nose, vocal box, vocal chords, vocal folds, diaphram.
Differentiate between diphthongs and monophthongs
A monophthong is a vowel that has one perceived sound eg “cat”
A diphthong is a combination of two vowels to make a single syllable vowel eg “coin”
What is state place and manner?
The state of a sound tells us whether it is voiced or unvoiced, the place tells us where the sound comes from (eg bilabial-lips, dental-teeth) and manner tells us how the sound organs produce the sound (eg stop, approximant)
Differentiate manner in consonants and vowels
Manner is only for consonants because vowels are all open sounds
How many places of articulation are there and how many manners?
9 places eg dental
6 manners eg fricative
What are the places of vowels?
Front, central or back
Close, close mid, open mid, open
What is the rule for vowels?
Manner is always the same, place changes
What is a consonant cluster?
A group of consonants with no intervening vowel eg pa-rks
What is extension?
understanding class of words in relation to specifics
What is underextension?
When a word is given a narrower meaning than in adult language. Eg Fruit is all fruit. Wants a banana but calls it “fruit”
What is overextension?
When a child acquires an individual word and cannot extend it to other objects in the same category. Eg water = all drinks
What is overgeneralisation?
When a child applies a regular pattern of morphology to an irregular lexeme.
Name and describe the five stages of CLA
Babbling= expected in child’s life, reflexive and nonreflexive, vowels and consonants appear, 6-8 months eg “nanana”
One word holophrastic= one word at a time, nouns (concrete and material), 9-18 months “cat”
Two word= mini sentences, child notices syntactic patterns, 18-24 months eg, “doggy bark”
Early multi word telegraphic= 60% of speech is eligible, further development of front consonant, 24-30 months “pig say oink”
Later multi word= grammatical and functional structures appear, 30+ months “her climbing up the ladder there”
What are the three theories of CLA?
Behaviourism, innatism and interactionism
What is Behaviourism?
Baviourism theory believes that environment plays a big role in child development. It’s psychological, behaviours that are desired are rewarded (skinner)
What is innatism?
Innatism believes that the brains are hard wired to acquire language, they perceive patterns, inherit. (Chomsky)
What is interactionism?
Interactionism believes children learned language mainly through through interacting with people, included adults and their peers. Biological and social (vygotsky)
Function- Field- Mode- Relationship- Setting-
Function- purpose Field- semantic field, topic Mode- speaking signing writing Relationship- power, status Setting- priv public
Sentence structures
Sentence fragments - informal casual, act as sentence even though they aren’t a whole clause
Simple sentence- contains one main clause
Compound sentence- 2 clauses joined by coordinate conjunction (fanboys)
Complex sentence- main clause and subordinate conjunction
Compound compound- multiple clauses , at least two main and at least one subordinate
What is ambiguity?
More than one meaning, apple in kitchen example
Semantic properties
Associations, eg. Camping= tent, gear, fire, insect repellant
Subject and object
Subject= person that does the action Object= thing Verb= action Predicate= other than verb Eg. Miki likes pie Miki is subject. Pie is object.
