Sac 1 Part A Flashcards
motor skills
special form of skill that require movement of the body or limbs to achieve the goal
gross motor skills
involve the recruitment of large muscle groups and have less precision and accuracy and a more
co-ordinated movement
sporting example of gross motor skill
javelin throw
fine motor skills
involve the recruitment of smaller muscle groups associated with movements requiring precision
sporting example of fine motor skill
dart throw
discrete motor skills
discrete skills have a obvious beginning and end, short duration of the movement
sporting example of discrete motor skill
kicking a ball or netball pass
serial motor skill
series of discrete skills put together into a sequence
example of serial skill
run+ hop +step +jump +land, gymnastics floor routine
continuous motor skill
have no definite beginning or end, repetitive movements and longer duration of the movement, sometimes they might have an assigned end such as a 100m run
example of continuous skill
running, walking
closed motor skill
where the performer has the greatest control over the performance environment, predictable, internally paced, limited inter-trial variability
example of closed motor skill
indoor individual diving routine, the diver determines the routine and isn’t affected by weather
open motor skill
performed in a less predictable environment, conditions are constantly changing and performer has limited, if any control over their environment, externally paced, inter trial variability
example of open motor skill
water kayaking, cant determine the whether
fundamental movement skills
provides the basis for the development of more sport-specific motor skills, basic skills needed to perform a sport
example of fundamental skill
netball shoulder pass
sport- specific skills
technical skills that apply directly to your sport. any skill needed related to a specific sport, in an advanced version
example of sport specific skills
table tennis serve
good fundamental movement skills
if you have good fundamental movement skill development then it is going to improve motor skills and then lead to success and enjoyment, which will then lead to more participation and then performance will improve
poor fundamental movement skills
if you have poor motor skill development then it is going to lead to struggle and no enjoyment, which will then lead to less likely to keep participating and then performance will decline
cognitive stage
beginner stage
thinking stage
focus on developing the basic motor skill
associative stage
intermediate stage
practice stage
focus on refining skills
practice skills in more game like situations
autonomous stage
advanced stage
focus on tactics and strategies
sociocultural influences
lifestyles and values that characterize a group, factors that may have a positive or negative influence on participation
what does the cognitive stage mainly focus on
movement and requirements of the skill
what does the associative stage mainly focus on
refining skills
correcting errors
basic tactics
what does the autonomous stage mainly focus on
tactics and strategies
what is the consistency of skills in the cognitive stage
inconsistent skills
unrelaxed movements
what is the consistency of skills in the associative stage
more consistent skills
what is the consistency of skills in the associative stage
consistent skills
what is the cognitive stage ability to correct errors
aware of errors but doesn’t know how to correct them
what is the associative ability to correct errors
detect cause of some errors and can develop some strategies to correct errors
what is the autonomous ability to correct errors
detect own errors and correct them
what is the cognitive rate of improvement
show rapid improvement
what is the associative rate of improvement
gradual improvement
what is the autonomous rate of improvement
very small improvements if any
type and amount of feedback for cognitive stage
mostly augmented feedback
little intrinsic feedback
type and amount of feedback for associative stage
start to reduce augmented so they can start to self correct by increased of intrinsic feedback
type and amount of feedback for autonomous
mostly intrinsic feedback to self correct errors
little augmented feedback as they do not need to rely on coach
key coaching points for cognitive
short and simple instructions
visual demonstrations
key coaching points for associative
regular feedback to refine skills to reduce poor habits
key coaching points for autonomous
precise feedback
game like practice to focus on tactics
variety of practice
practice strategies to cope with pressure
what are the 6 sociocultural factors
family
peers
gender
socio economic status (SES)
cultural norms traditional and beliefs
community
what is an enabler of family
parents and siblings to learn from
provide transport
what is an enabler of peers
friends to play with
sense of belonging in the ‘cool’ sport to play
what is an enabler of gender
reduced gender stereotypes
increased facilities such as changerooms
enabler of socioeconomic status
money to buy equipment
living in area with better facilities
enabler of cultural norms
normal part of a countries culture
enabler of community
success in sport is celebrated
what is massed practice
long duration
less frequent
shorter rest time between tasks
best suited at club levels (not professionals)
what is distributed practice
short duration
more frequent
longer rest time between tasks
best suited at professional level
blocked practice
practice one skill
best suited to cognitive learner
predictability of environment is closed
example of blocked practice
basketball free throw shots
random practice
practice many skills
best suited for associative and autonomous
predictability of environment is open
feedback
information performer receives about the task
provides motivation
intrinsic feedback
internal
performers use own senses to assess performance these senses are sight sound touch and proprioception
example of random practice
run dribble pass and shoot
augmented feedback
external source of feedback
usually provided by coach
other can be provided from Fitbit, apps etc..
proprioception
Proprioception is the body awareness sense. It tells us where our body parts are without having to look for them
timing of feedback
feedback should be provided ASAP during or after performance while it is still fresh in their minds
terminal feedback
external feedback received after the performance
suits a cognitive learner as they can give total focus instead of trying to listen whilst performing the task
knowledge of results feedback
feedback about the outcome of the task
concurrent feedback
external feedback received during performance
frequency of feedback
provide more feedback to early stages of learning such as cognitive and less feedback during later stages of learning such as autonomous
knowledge of performance
feedback about the characteristics of performing a task, feedback on how the task can be performed
constraints coaching
indirect coaching where skills are often learnt in modified games, skills are learnt and developed in game like situations
individual constraints
individual characteristics that impact on skill development such as body size, fitness level and perception
direct coaching
direct coaching where skills are often learnt in isolation rather then in the game, coach provides constant feedback to players and makes all the decisions regarding training
environmental constraints
physical- local facilities, weather and quality of practice facilities
social/cultural- family, peers and cultures
task constraints
factors related to performance such as rules, equipment and size of oval/pitch etc.
