SAC 1 Flashcards
burden of disease
a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and the ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Measure in unit called DALY
Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)
Average number of years that a person can expect to live in “full health” by taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury.
Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)
A measure of burden of disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and timed lived with illness, disease or injury.
Life Expectancy
An indication of how long a person can expect to live: it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.
Under Five Mortality Rate
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.
Mortality
deaths in the population
Morbidity
Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group
Incidence
The number of new cases of a disease during a specified period of time (usually 12 month period)
Prevalence
‘The number of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.’
Physical Dimension of Health
‘The efficient functioning of the body and it’s systems, and includes the physical capacity to preform tasks and physical fitness.’
OPTIMAL physical health - dimensions
ideal body weight
freedom from illness disease and injury
adequate energy levels
ability to complete physical task adequately
appropriate levels of fitness
strong immune system
well-functioning body, systems and organs
Social Dimension of Health
‘Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way.’
OPTIMAL social health - dimensions
supportive network of friends
supportive and well-functioning family
effective communication with others
productive relationships with other people
Mental Dimension of Health
‘State of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stress of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.’
OPTIMAL mental health - dimensions
Positive self-esteem (how a person feels about himself)
High levels of confidence
Positive thought patterns (being optimistic)
low levels of stress and anxiety
Health
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Health Status
An individuals or a populations overall health, taking into account various aspects such a life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors
Years of Life Lost (YLL)
a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death.
Years lost due to disability (YLD)
a measure of how many healthy years life are lost due to illness, injury or disability.
Physical Environment - determinant of health
The physical surroundings, in which we live, work and play. The physical environment includes; housing work environment urban setting and infrastructure air quality climate and climate changes water roads schools recreational settings
Biological - determinant of health
Factors relating to the body, that impact on health and how adequately they function, such as; genetics hormones body weight blood pressure cholesterol levels birth weight glucose regulation
Behavioural - determinant of health
Relate to the choices people make in their lives that impact on their health status; tobacco smoking alcohol consumption drug use physical activity levels dietary behaviour sexual behaviour vaccination behaviour risk-taking behaviour
Social - determinant of health
Refer to aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as; poverty early life experiences social networks and supports socioeconomic status work and unemployment stress food security access to health care and health services
