SAC 1

Question 1

burden of disease

Answer 1

a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and the ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Measure in unit called DALY

Question 2

Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

Answer 2

Average number of years that a person can expect to live in “full health” by taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury.

Question 3

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)

Answer 3

A measure of burden of disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and timed lived with illness, disease or injury.

Question 4

Life Expectancy

Answer 4

An indication of how long a person can expect to live: it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.

Question 5

Under Five Mortality Rate

Answer 5

The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.

Question 6

Mortality

Answer 6

deaths in the population

Question 7

Morbidity

Answer 7

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group

Question 8

Incidence

Answer 8

The number of new cases of a disease during a specified period of time (usually 12 month period)

Question 9

Prevalence

Answer 9

‘The number of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.’

Question 10

Physical Dimension of Health

Answer 10

‘The efficient functioning of the body and it’s systems, and includes the physical capacity to preform tasks and physical fitness.’

Question 11

OPTIMAL physical health - dimensions

Answer 11

ideal body weight
freedom from illness disease and injury
adequate energy levels
ability to complete physical task adequately
appropriate levels of fitness
strong immune system
well-functioning body, systems and organs

Question 12

Social Dimension of Health

Answer 12

‘Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way.’

Question 13

OPTIMAL social health - dimensions

Answer 13

supportive network of friends
supportive and well-functioning family
effective communication with others
productive relationships with other people

Question 14

Mental Dimension of Health

Answer 14

‘State of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stress of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.’

Question 15

OPTIMAL mental health - dimensions

Answer 15

Positive self-esteem (how a person feels about himself)
High levels of confidence
Positive thought patterns (being optimistic)
low levels of stress and anxiety

Question 16

Health

Answer 16

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 17

Health Status

Answer 17

An individuals or a populations overall health, taking into account various aspects such a life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors

Question 18

Years of Life Lost (YLL)

Answer 18

a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death.

Question 19

Years lost due to disability (YLD)

Answer 19

a measure of how many healthy years life are lost due to illness, injury or disability.

Question 20

Physical Environment - determinant of health

Answer 20

The physical surroundings, in which we live, work and play. The physical environment includes;
housing
work environment
urban setting and infrastructure
air quality
climate and climate changes
water
roads
schools recreational settings

Question 21

Biological - determinant of health

Answer 21

Factors relating to the body, that impact on health and how adequately they function, such as;
genetics
hormones
body weight
blood pressure
cholesterol levels
birth weight
glucose regulation

Question 22

Behavioural - determinant of health

Answer 22

Relate to the choices people make in their lives that impact on their health status;
tobacco smoking
alcohol consumption 
drug use
physical activity levels
dietary behaviour
sexual behaviour
vaccination behaviour
risk-taking behaviour

Question 23

Social - determinant of health

Answer 23

Refer to aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as;
poverty
early life experiences
social networks and supports
socioeconomic status
work and unemployment
stress
food security
access to health care and health services