Biology Flashcards
Cell Membrane (BOTH)
outer layer of cell, lets materials in and out
Cell Wall (PLANT)
semi-rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane in cells of plants algae, fungi, bacteria
Nucleus (BOTH)
In eukaryotic cells, membrane-bound organelle containing the genetic material, DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum (BOTH)
cell organelle consisting of a system of membrane-bound channels that transport substances within the cell
may be ‘smooth’ or ‘rough’
Cytoplasm (BOTH)
formed by cell organelles, excluding the nucleus and cytosol
Ribosomes (BOTH)
organelle containing RNA that is the major site of protein production in cells
Vacuole (PLANT)
structures within plants cells that are filled with fluid containing materials in solution, including plant pigments
Mitochondria (BOTH)
in eukaryotic cells, organelles that are the major site of ATM production , energy
Chloroplasts (PLANT)
chlorophyll-containing organelle that occurs in the cytosol of cells of specific plant tissues
Gloria Complex (BOTH)
organelle that packages material into vesicles for export from a cell
Plasma Membrane (BOTH)
plants cells - located inside cell wall
animal cells - the outer layer of the cell
Lysosome (ANIMAL)
a sac bounded by a single membrane they break down and recycle foreign matters (suicide sac)
Cell Theory
- All living things are made of cells
- The cell is the basic unit (building block) of life
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
Why are cells so small?
- To maximise their surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)
- So that they can transport materials in and out of the cells as efficiently as possible (i.e: quick diffusion across cell membrane)
Hypertonic
higher solutes e.g. salt in a solution = less water concentration
Isotonic
equilibrium = no change
Hypotonic
lower solutes in the solution = high water concentration
Active Transport
requires engird to move through cell
Endocytosis = in
Exocytosis = out
going against the natural gradient
Passive Transport
requires no energy to pas through cell
Simple Diffusion
spread out
requires no energy
facilitated diffusion
requires no energy
used for larger cells to pass through
Osmosis
simple diffusion of water
requires no energy
