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CHN > SA2 > Flashcards

SA2 Flashcards

1
Q

disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly

A

Sporadic

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2
Q

usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area

A

Endemic

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3
Q

increase often sudden in the number of cases of a disease above what is expected in that
population in that area

A

epidemic

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4
Q

epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents

A

PANDEMIC

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5
Q

same as the epidemic but is often used for a more limited geographic area

A

outbreak

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6
Q

aggregation of cases grouped in a place and time that are suspected to be greater than the
number expected

A

cluster

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7
Q

pathogen: a virus, bacterium, parasite, or other microbe

A

agent

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8
Q

human who can get the disease

A

host

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9
Q

extrinsic factors that affect the agent and the opportunity for exposure.

A

environment

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10
Q

-the problem is subclinical or hidden from view

A

The iceberg principle

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11
Q

shows the relationship between multiple factors that contribute to the cause

A

Web Causation

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12
Q

-vital in identifying risk factors and monitoring health disease conditions in the population

A

Screening and Surveillance

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13
Q

process of detection for disease or disorders among healthy people.

A

Screening

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14
Q

systematic, on-going and analytic process of monitoring to scrutinize disease
- involves investigating the distribution and possible cause of disease

A

surveillance

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15
Q

CATEGORY OF SURVEILLANCE

rapid detection, notification, verification, and assessment of public events

A

Event Based

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16
Q

CATEGORY OF SURVEILLANCE

routine reporting of cases of disease such as notifiable disease surveillance
system

A

Indicator based

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17
Q

Level of prevention

prevent even before the risk factor is present
Healthy Lifestyle and avoiding the development of behaviors and exposure patterns

A

Primordial prevention

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18
Q

level of prevention

control of exposure to risk factors, before the disease development.
promote healthy lifestyle and environment Health Protection aimed at reducing the risk for specific
diseases

A

Primary Prevention

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19
Q

Level of prevention

to detect early the disease before the onset of signs and symptoms.
Examples: Mammography to detect possible cancer

A

Secondary prevention

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20
Q

Level of prevention

Managing the disease after the diagnosis to slow or stop disease progression
Chemotherapy, Rehabilitation and Screening for complication

A

Tertiary Prevention

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21
Q

Examines relationship between health problems and other variables of
interest as they exist in a defined population at one particular time.

A

Cross Sectional Study

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22
Q

– a longitudinal study.
-disease free in the beginning of the study.

A

Cohort Study

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23
Q

retrospective study
-Subjects positive for disease or health condition (called the “case” group) are compared with subjects
who are negative or have no disease or health condition (called the “control” group)

A

Case Control Study

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24
Q

understand the quality and the amount of influence that determinants have on the occurrence of
disease

A

Analytical Epidemiology

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25
Q

to confirm a casual relationship suggested by observational studies.

A

Experimental epidemiology

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26
Q

Microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, that can cause
infectious disease.

A

Infectious agent

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27
Q

The host in which infectious agents live, grow, and multiply

A

Reservoir

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28
Q

The route by which an infectious agent escapes or leaves the reservoir.

A

Portal of exit

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29
Q

Immediate transfer from Person to Person

A

Direct

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30
Q

Vector Borne (Insects / Animals) / Vehicle (Fomite)

A

Indirect

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31
Q

Can remain suspended in the air for a period of time

A

Airborne

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32
Q

thru Droplet nuclei

A

Droplet

33
Q

The route by which an infectious agent enters a new host

A

portal of entry

34
Q

elevated risk for developing an infection when exposed to an infectious agent due
to changes in their immune system defenses.

A

susceptible host

35
Q

On Site toilet facilities of the water carriage type
• Commonly used in the Philippines (water seal, water flush, septic tank)

A

Level 2

36
Q

Non-water carriage toilet facility – no water is necessary to wash the waste into the receiving space
such as Pit Latrines, Reed odorless earth closet.
• Toilet Facilities requiring small amount of water to wash the waste such as pour flush toilet and aqua
prives

A

Level 1

37
Q

• Water carriage types of toilet facilities connected to septic tanks and or to Sewerage System or
Treatment Plant
• Commonly used in High-End Villages and Condominiums
• Rural areas use Blind Drainage or collection type of disposal facility.

A

Level 3

38
Q

FOUR RIGHTS IN FOOD SAFETY

A

Right Source
Right Preparation
Right cooking
Right storage

39
Q

leftover vegetable, animal, and fish material from kitchen and food establishments that
tend to decay, thus giving off foul odors.

A

garbage

40
Q

refers to waste materials such as bottles, broken glass, porcelain, tin cans, wastepaper
discarded textile materials, pieces of metal, and other wrapping materials.

A

Rubbish

41
Q

CATEGORIES OF HEALTH CARE WASTE: Non-infectious Dry Waste

A

Black

42
Q

CATEGORIES OF HEALTH CARE WASTE: non infectious wet

A

green

43
Q

Sharps

A

red

44
Q

Infectious or pathological waste

A

yellow

45
Q

radioactive

A

orange

46
Q

SANITATION CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

A

PD 856

47
Q

ANTI LITTERING LAW

A

PD 825

48
Q

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT

A

RA 9003

49
Q

FOOD SAFETY ACT

A

RA 10611

50
Q

NATIONAL SMOKING BAN

A

EO 26

51
Q

TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL ACT

A

RA 6969

52
Q

cases increase after hurricanes or floods when people may be exposed to contaminated water or use
it for drinking or bathing.

A

Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease)

53
Q

is
an infectious disease that is widespread in many tropical and subtropical regions.

A

Malaria

54
Q

caused by various thread-like parasitic round worms (nematodes) and their larvae
larvae transmit the disease to humans through a mosquito bite
can progress to include gross enlargement of the limbs and genitalia

A

Filariasis

55
Q

caused by some species of blood trematodes (flukes) in the genus Schistosoma

A

schistosomiasis

56
Q

mosquito-borne infection which in recent years has become a majorinternational public health
concern.
found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world

A

Dengue

57
Q

Is the science of population. The word is derived from two Greek words “snyos”meaning “people”
and “ypagly” which means “to draw or to write”

A

demography

58
Q

refers to the number of people in a given place or area at a given time

A

population size

59
Q

-characteristics of population about certain variables such as age, sex, occupation, educational level etc

A

population composition

60
Q

-how people are distributed in a specific geographic location

A

spatial distribution

61
Q

official and periodic enumeration of population

A

Census

62
Q

done when people are assigned to the place where they usually live regardless of where
they are at the time of census; (Ex: survey, census)

A

De Jure

63
Q

people are assigned to the place where they are physically present at the time of census
regardless of their usual place of residence ex: RFA

A

De Facto

64
Q

data obtained from a small number of people proportionate to the total population
will always be generalized for the whole population

A

Sample Survey

65
Q

vital events (such as births, deaths, marriages) collected by the civil registrar’s
office

A

Registration systems

66
Q

systems which produce births, deaths and causes of death information

A

CIVIL REGISTRATION AND VITAL STATISTICS

67
Q
  • also called process evaluation
  • tracks variables such as funding received, products and services delivered, payments made, other
    resources
A

Monitoring

68
Q

What type of data?

. Financial report in community, personnel, supplies purchase

A

Input data

69
Q

What type of data? Services, goods provided.

A

Output data

70
Q

What type of data? specific activities carried out in the program

A

Process data

71
Q

Determines program efficiency

A

monitoring

72
Q

determines program effectiveness

A

Evaluation

73
Q

forms a basis for program accountability

A

Monitoring

74
Q

identifies strong and weak points

A

monitoring

75
Q

identifies inconsistensies

A

evaluation

76
Q

alerts management of discrepancies

A

evaluation

77
Q

suggests changes in program

A

evaluation

78
Q

establishes standard of performance

A

monitoring

79
Q

What are the 4 phases of evaluation?

A

Planning,
Implementation
Completion
Dissemination and reporting

CHN (4 decks)

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