SA- Treatments Flashcards
Treatment of Kennel Cough
meloxicam
butorphanol/codeine (cough suppression)
clean eyes and nose
Treatment of Nasal fungal disease
flush with clotrimazole/ enilconazole
Treatment of Chlamydia felis
doxycycline (4 weeks)
Treatment of Cat flu
supportive treatment e,g, nutrition, fluids
NSAIDs
eye drops
Treatment of stenotic nares
wedge resection
Treatment of acquired laryngeal paralysis
emergency management- rest, O2, cooling, sedation, IV access
Tieback surgery
Treatment of tracheal collapse
butorphanol/ codeine
bronchodilators (albuterol)
inhaled steroids
Treatment of pleural effusion
O2
thoracocentesis
Treatment of pneumothorax
O2
Drain pneumothorax
strict cage rest for 2 weeks
Treatment of aspirational pneumonia
O2
Abs (based off C&S)
underlying cause
anti-acid meds (if frequent occurrence)
Treatment of eosinophilic bronchopneumonia
prednisolone
Treatment of Angiostrongylus vasorum
imidalcloprid + moxidectin
Treatment of bronchopneumonia
amoxiclav (4 weeks)
supportive care
Treatment of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
bronchodilators- inhaled and oral
corticosteroids- inhaled and oral
manage pulmonary hypertension (Sidenafil)
Treatment of chronic bronchitis
nebulisation
coupage
glucocorticoids
bronchodilators
weight control
DOG WILL ALWAYS HAVE COUGH
Treatment of aelurostrongylus abstruses
fenbendazole 5-7 days minimum
Treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia
doxycycline- beware strictures can form
Treatment of Mycobacterial pneumonia
6 month course of rifampicin, pradofloxacin and azithromycin
Treatment of feline asthma
allergen reduction
preds
fluticasone inhaled
Treatment of CDVD
pimobendan
fursemide
Treatment of DCM
frusomide
pimobendan
ACEi- benazepril
Beta blockers- atenolol
Treatment of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
treat any HF (diuretics, pimobendan, ACEi, spirolactone)
anti-rhythmic meds (soltalol)
Treatment of cardiac tamponade (pericardial effusion)
IV fluids
pericardiocentesis
Treatment of systemic hypertension
amlodipine (1st choice for cats)
ACEi- benazepril (1st choice in dogs)
Treatment of pulmonary hypotension
underlying cause
sildenafil
pimobendan
Treatment of hyperthyroidism
surgery
radioactive iodine
carbimazole
restricted iodine diet
Treatment of blood transfusion reaction
stop transfusion
IV fluids
+/- corticosteroids
Treatment of thymoma
surgical treatment
Treatment of lymphoma
chemotherapy
Treatment of chylothorax
surgical closure of the thoracic duct
Treatment of lymphangiectasia
low fat diet
+/- immunosuppressives (preds)
Treatment of IMHA
immune suppression (glucocorticoids)
transfusion
Treatment of IMTP
immunosuppression (glucocorticoids)
transfusion + vincristine
Treatment of babesia
DONT give steroids
azithromycin and atovaquone- expensive
can use imidocarb
Treatment of Ehrlichia
doxycycline + imidocarb
Treatment of vWD
Type 1 –> desmopressin
plasma +/- RBC (if O2 carrying capacity compromised)
Treatment of Rat bait toxicity
vit K supplementation
Treatment of megaoesophagus
omeprazole
feed from height
Treatment of leukaemia
chemotherapy
Treatment of lymphoma
chemotherpay
Treatment of gastroduodenal ulceration
H2 receptor antagonist- cimetidine
sucralfate
Treatment of pancreatitis
opioid analgesia
IVFT
maropitant- (anti-emetic)
feeding support
change diet (high carb low fat)
Treatment of EPI
pancreatic enzyme replacement
vit supplementation (cobalamin)
diet (avoid low fat diets)
Abs if not responding to enzymes (oxytetracycline)
Treatment of acute D+ (in dog thats fine in self)
prokolin (probiotic + binding agent)
make sure worming up to date
make sure hydrated
Treatment of canine parvovirus
ISOLATE
IVFT
amoxy-clav
anti-emetic- maropitant
pro-motility drugs- metoclopramide
nutrition
Treatment of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis
needs aggressive treatment
IVFT
colloid/plasma
Amoxy-clav or metronidazole
Treatment of Campylobacter
4- fluoroquinolones
Treatment of clostridia enteritis
metronidazole
Treatment of giardia
fenbendazole 3-5 days
Treatment of Tritrichomonas (protozoa)
ronidazole
Treatment of E.coli
metronidazole
Treatment of food responsive enteropathy
3 week food trial
Treatment of dysbiosis
diet (highly digestable, low fat)
pre/pro biotics
cobalamin (B12)
Treatment of steroid responsive enteropathy (IBD)
diet
pre/probiotics
antiparasitic agents
preds
+/- metronidazole
Treatment of protein losing enteropathy
primary cause
ultra-low fat diet
albumin/colloid therapy
Treatment of intestinal tumours
chemo
prednisolone (if not doing chemo)
surgical resection
Treatment of leptospirosis
doxycycline- 4 weeks
supportive care
Treatment of idiopathic chronic hepatitis
corticosteroids
slow biliary flow- destolit
diuretics- if ascites present
diet- highly digestible
Treatment of neutrophilic cholangitis
Abs (c&s)- 8 weeks minimum
Treatment of seizures (acute)
diazepam IV x3
propofol CRI
Treatment of ibuprofen toxicity
H2 blocker- cimetidine
omeprazole
misoprostol
Treatment of aspirin toxicity
cimetidine
omeprazole
misoprostol
Treatment of paracetamol toxicity
N-acetyl cysteine
cimetidine
Treatment of chocolate toxicity
symptomatic
IVFT
ECG and monitoring
Treatment of Xylitol toxicity
IVFT
glucose infusion
hepato-protectants
Treatment of Pyrethroids toxitiy
intralipid
Treatment of ethylene glycol
vodka diluted with saline 2-3 days
dialysis
Treatment of raisins toxicity
IVFT (48-72hrs)
dialysis
Treatment of lilly toxicity
IVFT 48-72hrs
dialysis
decontaminate paws
Treatment of anoestrus in bitch
cabergoline
Treatment of follicular cysts
hCG
or
suppression with progestogens
Treatment of pyometra
ovariohysterectomy
ABs- cephalothin or enrofloxacin
Treatment of phimosis
preputical wedge resection
Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
castration
or
GnRH depot agonist
Treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis
TMPS 3-4 weeks
castration
Treatment of prostatic neoplasia
palliative hormone treatments
NSAID
CASTRATION WONT HELP THIS
Treatment of uterine inertia
oxytocin or calcium
need to make sure not obstructive dystocia first
Treatment of suspected retained fetal membranes
oxytocin
Ab- amoxy-clav
Treatment of post-partum metritis
Abs- amoxy-clav
prostaglandins
IVFT
Treatment of agalactia
metaclopramide
Treatment of hypocalcaemia
calcium borogluconate- slow IV
feed pups artificially for 24 hrs
Treatment of pituitary dwarfism
porcine GH
levothyroxine
medroxyprogesterone
Treatment of congenital hypothyroidism
levothyroxine
Treatment of juvenile DM
insulin therapy- challenging
Treatment of portosystemic shunt
surgical closure- ligation or constriction
medical:
lactulose
amoxicillin
protein-restricted diet
Treatment of persistent right aortic arch
surgical closure
euthanasia
Treatment of galactostasis
reduce food intake
cold packs
encourage suckling or milking
Treatment of mastitis
Abs- cephalexin and amoxy-clav
hat packing
IVFT
Treatment of pseudopregnancy
cabergoline
Treatment of fibroepithelial hyperplasia
spay
or
cabergoline
or
alizin
Treatment of uterine stump granuloma
surgical intervention
Abs (broad spec)
Treatment of UTI
TMPS or amoxy-clav
Treatment of CKD
renal diet- very important from stage 2
if proteinuria present–> ACEi- benazepril
if hypertension present –> ACEi, spirolactone, amlodipine
Treatment of uraemic crisis
benazepril
IVFT
aspirin/ clopidogrel
nutritional support
Treatment of pyelonephritis
amoxy-clav or TMPS
Treatment of nephrotic syndrome
ACEi- benazepril
anticoagulants- aspirin and clopidogrel
fluid removal
Treatment of hypercalcaemia
IVFT
glucocorticoids
bisphosphates- alendronate
Treatment of idiopathic renal haematuria
ACEi- benazepril
spirolactone
Treatment of blocked bladder
decompress bladder
opioid analgesia
catheter
IVFT
underlying cause
Treatment of hyperkalaemia
IVFT
calcium gluconate CRI (glucose insulin)
salbutamol (beta-agonist)
Treatment of AKI
fluids with Hartmanns
diuresis
Treatment of feline idiopathic cystitis
meloxicam for 5 days
feliways to reduce stress
Treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incontinence
sympathomimetic agents (phenylpropanolamine)
oestrogens- only in neutered bitches
Treatment of urinary retention
bethanecol - parasympathomimetic
manual expression 3-4x day
Broad Treatment of uroliths
NSAID
Abs if concurrent UTI (e.g. with struvite)
Treatment of struvite urolithiasis
analgesia
Abs (UTI)
acidifying diet
Treatment of Calcium oxalate urolithiasis
analgesia
surgery to remove
Treatment of urate urolithiasis
analgesia
allopurinol 4-6 weeks
Treatment of cysteine urolithiasis
analgesia
diet for dissolution (alkalising)
Treatment of calcium phosphate urolithiasis
analgesia
surgery
Treatment of xanthene urolithiasis
analgesia
diet for dissolution- alkalising
Treatment of cushings
trilostane
adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy
Treatment of DM
insulin and diet chnages
Treatment of DKA
IVFT- rapid
Insulin- monitor electrolytes
Treatment of peritonitis
ABs (C&S)- whilst waiting –>
Escalate- no ABs or amoxy-clav
De-escalate- amoxyclav, metronidazole and marbofloxacin
Treatment of blunt trauma to abdomen
conservative management
tranexamic acid
transfusions
Treatment of penetrating injury to abdomen
stabilise then surgery
can consider staged approach
Treatment of uroabdomen
calcium gluconate IV
urianry catheter
Treatment of GDV
stomach tube
IVFT
needs ECG monitoring
opioid analgesia
incisional gastropexy
Treatment of anal furunculosis
cyclosporin 12 weeks
mild cases= hypoallergenic diet + preds (immunosuppressive)
Treatment of perianal adenoma
resolve with castration
Treatment of anal adenocarinoma
aggressive surgical removal + radiotherpay
DONT respond to castration
Treatment of anal sac adenocarcinoma
1st treat hypercalcaemia
surgical excision
matastectomy
adjunctive chemotherpy
Treatment of feline idiopathic megacolon
subtotal colectomy
laxatives
enemas
high fibre feed
Treatment of colitis
metronidazole
sulfasalazine
high fibre
steroids
Treatment of perineal hernia
cystocentesis
IVFT
hernirrhapy
Treatment of hiatal hernia
surgery
antacid
scralfate
prokinetic
Treatment of diaphragmatic rupture
prophylactic ABs
surgery ASAP
Treatment of Masticatory muscle myositis
acute- immunosuppresive therpy
chronic- stretch jaw open under GA or PTS
Treatment of anorexia
underlying cause
appetite stimulants- mirtazapine
anti-emetics- maropitant
analgesia if painful condition
tempt to eat
Treatment of hepatic lipidosis
IVFT (NOT hartmanns)
supplement K+, phosphate and B12
start feeding slowly
antiemetic- maropitant
Treatment of refeeding syndrome
reduce feeding 50%, increase slowly over 4-6 days
monitor PCV
Treatment of acromegaly
surgery
Dogs- OHV/ mammary strip
Cats- hypophysectomy
Treatment of insulinomas
excisional biopsy
dietary management- multiple small meals high in protein, fat and complex carbs
preds
Treatment of cleft palate
euthanasia
surgical management (3-6m)
Treatment of recurrent mucoceles
removal of the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands
Treatment of stick injuries
co-amoxyclavor metronidazole - 7-14 days
NSADIS
Treatment of oral tumours
surgery
post-op= analgesia, Abs, soft food 2-3 weeks
Treatment of avulsion luxation tooth injury
place tooth in hartmanns or milk and send to dental specalist
Treatment of tooth subluxation injury
NSAID- 5 days
soft food for 3 weeks
Treatment of resorptive tooth lesions
dental extractions
Treatment of perthes disease
femoral head and neck excision
OR
total hip replacement
Treatment of metaphyseal osteopathy
analgesia (opioids and CRIs)
corticosteroids- immunosuppressive
IVFT
tube feeding if inappetant
Treatment of craniomandibular osteopathy
analgesia
corticosteroids
IVFT
enteral support
Treatment of panoseitis
rest and analgesia (NSAIDs)
Treatment of rickets
provide balanced diet
Treatment of angular limb deformities
closed wedge osteotomy
or
lateral open wedge osteotomy
Treatment of fragmented coronoid process
weight control
NSAID
platelet rich plasma
cartrophen
nutraceuticals
Treatment of osteochronitis dissecans
arthroscopy
Treatment of ununited anconeal process
surgical management:
1. remove fragment
2. reattach fragment with screw
3. reattach fragment and ulna osteotomy to lengthen ulna
Treatment of shoulder osteochondrosis
remove the fragment
Treatment of stifle osteochondrosis
arthroscopy
Treatment of hock osteochondrosis
surgically remove fragment
or
pantarsal arthrodesis
Treatment of hip dysplasia (dog)
NSAID
physio
nutraceuticals
cartrophen
surgical management- femoral head and neck osteotomg and total hip replacement
Treatment of infraspinatus contracture
section tendon close to insertion to the humerus
Treatment of humeral intracondylar fissure
rest and NSAIDS
OR
Surgical placement of screw
Treatment of incomplete ossification of the radiocarpal bone
pancarpal arthrodesis
Treatment of hyperextension of carpus
pancarpal arthrodesis
Treatment of stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicus longus
steroid injection into tendon sheath
Treatment of gracilis contracture
no effective treatment
Treatment of iliopsoas myopathy
rest and NSAIDS
or
section muscle at insertion (lesser trochanter)
Treatment of long digital extensor avulsion
reattach the fragment
or
tendonesis of the proximal tibia
Treatment of avulsion of the gastrocnemius
reattach the gastrocnemius by direct suture or screw
Treatment of osteosarcoma
limb amputation
chemotherpay e.g. carboplatin
Treatment of nerve root tumours
limb amputation
Treatment of OA
lots of options- multi-modal best
NSAIDs
monoclonal antibodies- bedinvetmab
corticosteroids
paracetamol
cartrophen
nutraceutical
hydro/physio
weight reduction
Treatment of first degree ligament injury
rest NSAIDS
cold compress
Treatment of second degree ligament injury
support dressing
NSAID
cold compress
rest for 3-6 months
Treatment of third degree ligament injury
primary repair
or
arthrodesis
Treatment of cruciate rupture
rest and analgesia for 6 weeks
or
surgical- TPLO or TTA or fabello-tibial suture
Treatment of patella luxation
NSAIDs
strict rest
weight loss
physio/ hydro
Treatment of cellulitis
drainage
bathing to encourage pus to driain
apply dressing
broad spec Abs if systemically unwell
Treatment of foreign body in digit
AVOID abs
poiultice
lance abscess and explore
analgesia
Treatment of pododermatitis
prolonged ABs and local therapy
or
fusion podoplasty
Treatment of sesamoiditis
rest and NSAID 3 wks
if fails –> depo infiltartion
if fails–> surgical excision of affected sesamoid
Treatment of onychodystrophy
remove affected nail
oxytet
nictinamide
fatty acids
Treatment of neoplastic conditiona of nail bed
amputation of digit
Treatment of spinal fractures
cage rest for 6-8 weeks
analgesia
physio
Treatment of tail pull injuries
express bladder
encourage micturation- bethanechol
Treatment of temporomandibular luxation
replace and feed soft food for a week
Treatment of temporomandibular joint fractures
feed soft food for 4-6 weeks
or
fixate jaw
Treatment of temporomandibular ankylosis
resection of abnormal tissue from around the joint
Treatment of osteomyelitis
Abs (C&S)
remove necrotic bone
stabilise fracture
Treatment of delayed union of fracture
patience
increased analgesia
stage down fixator
physio
Treatment of trigeminal neuropathy
conservative therapy- support eating and drinking
return to function in 4-6 weeks
Treatment of MUO
immunosuppressive dose of corticosteroids
Treatment of FCE
conservative- cage rest + analgesia + physio
Treatment of IVDD
surgery- refer
conservative- rest and NSAIDs
Treatment of degenerative myelopathy
no effective treatment
physio can slow progression
Treatment of stable spinal fracture
rest and analgesia 6-8 weeks
Treatment of unstable spinal fracture
surgery
PTS
Treatment of ischaemic myelopathy
conservative therapy
Treatment of neoplasia of the spine
corticosteroids and anti-inflam doses
Treatment of discospondylitis
6 weeks of penicillin
treatment of polymyositis
corticosteroids at immunosuppressive dose
Treatment of idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis
conservative- cage rest, analgesia and physio
Treatment of SRMA
corticosteroids at immunosuppressive doses- 6 weeks minimum
Treatment of atlantoaxial subluxation
immobilise the joint for 6 weeks
analgesia
Treatment of dry FIP
supportive- mirtazapine, B12, anti-inflam
remdesivir
Treatment of botulism
remove animal from source of toxin
Treatment of tetanus
clean wounds
supportive
anti-toxin
Treatment of neospora
clindamycin- if caught early
PTS
Treatment of seizures (long-term
benzodiazepam- dogs develop tolerance
phenobarbitone
Treatment of conjunctivits
fusidic acid
chloramphenicol drops
Treatment of feline herpes virus (causing conjunctivitis)
fusidic acid
topical ganciclovir 4x day
Treatment of entropion
Hotz celsus surgeyr
or
wedge resection
Treatment of KCS
cyclosporin for 4 weeks
artifical tears
Treatment of superficial ulcer
chlormaphenicol
NSAID
atropine
recheck in 3-5 days
underlying cause
Treatment of stronal ulcer
chloramphenicol
NSAID
atropine
recheck in 3-5 days
underlying cause
Treatment of descemetocele
prompt grafting surgey
Treatment of melting corneal ulcers
ABs (C&S)
anticollagenase- serum or N-acetylcysteine
NSAID
may need surgery
Treatment of perforated ulcer
enucleation
Treatment of SCCED
debridement
chloramphenicol
systemic NSAID
atropine
check weekly
Treatment of eosinophilic keratitis
topical corticosteroid (or ciclosporin)
Treatment of corneal sequestrum
keratectomy +/- graft placement
Treatment of feline diffuse iris melanoma
enucleation
Treatment of iris melanoma in dog
monioring/ enucleation (if worrying owner)
Treatment of cherry eye
surgery to replace gland
Treatment of traumatic globe prolapse
replacement
or
enucleation
Treatment of retrobulbar abcess
drain abscess under GA
NSAID
Amoxy-clab
IVFT
topical lubricants
Treatment of acute glaucoma
latanoprost
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors- brinzolamide, dorzolamide
Analgesia
Treatment of anterior lens luxation
referral for surgery
analgesia- NSAID _ opioid
Treatment of flea allergic dermatitis
isoxazolines for all incontacts
treat environment
Treatment of pediculosis
imidacloprid
selamectin
fibronil
Treatment of sarcoptes
sarolaner, fluralaner
Treatment of cheyletiellosis
isoxazolines
Treatment of otodectes
selected isoxazolines (sarolaner)
Treatment of neotrombicular autumnalis
isoxazolines
Treatment of demodex
isoxazolines
Treatment of surface pyoderma
clip
chlorohexidine
control pruritus- preds
underlying cause
Treatment of superficial pyoderma
topical only- chlorohexidine
corticosteroids- 3-5 days
Treatment of malassezia dermatitis
topical (miconazole/ chlorahexidine shampoo)
List some anti-pruritics
glucocorticoids
oclacitnib- not under 1 yr
lokivetmab
ciclosporin - takes 1-2 months to work
Treatment of dermatophytosis
chlorohexidine/ miconazole shampoo
systemic therapy- itraconazole
Treatment of canine ear margin seborrhoea
incurable
surgery edge resection
topical anti-seborrheic shampoo
Treatment of naso-digital hyperkeratosis
cut off prominent folds
bath in propylene glycol
essential fatty acids
Treatment of leishmaniasis
allopurinol + meglumine antimoniate
Treatment of cow pox
DONT GIVE STEROIDS
spontaneous recovery
Treatment of cutaneous lupus
topical- antiseptics steroid creams
sometimes need immunosuppression- preds or ciclosporin
Treatment of acral lick granuloma
treat deep pyoderma
prevent licking
control inflammation
behaviour modification
Treatment of deep pyoderma
systemic ABs (based on C&S)- continue 2 weeks post resolution
topical chlorohex shampoo
Treatment of pansteatitis
analgesia
perenteral fluids
feed high quality properly balanced diet
Treatment of urticaria
IV dex
preds
adrenaline- if signs of anaphylaxxis
Treatment of seroma
pressure bandage for week
repeated drainage of causing discomfort
Treatment of arthropod bite granuloma
check arthropod gone
short course of topical steroids
Treatment of sebaceous gland tumour
monitor or excise
Treatment of basal cell tumour
excise with wide margins
Treatment of pemiphigus foliaceus
immunosuppression (GCC) till most lesions healed then taper dose
Treatment of puppy strangles
preds (immunosuppression)
topical washes
Treatment of facial dermatitis of persian
anti-yeast therpay
ciclosporin +/- preds
Treatment of lupoid onychitis
oral essential fatty acids
tetracycline
