SA- Treatments Flashcards by Helen West

Treatment of Kennel Cough

meloxicam
butorphanol/codeine (cough suppression)
clean eyes and nose

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Treatment of Nasal fungal disease

flush with clotrimazole/ enilconazole

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Treatment of Chlamydia felis

doxycycline (4 weeks)

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Treatment of Cat flu

supportive treatment e,g, nutrition, fluids
NSAIDs
eye drops

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Treatment of stenotic nares

wedge resection

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Treatment of acquired laryngeal paralysis

emergency management- rest, O2, cooling, sedation, IV access
Tieback surgery

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Treatment of tracheal collapse

butorphanol/ codeine
bronchodilators (albuterol)
inhaled steroids

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Treatment of pleural effusion

O2
thoracocentesis

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Treatment of pneumothorax

O2
Drain pneumothorax
strict cage rest for 2 weeks

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Treatment of aspirational pneumonia

O2
Abs (based off C&S)
underlying cause
anti-acid meds (if frequent occurrence)

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Treatment of eosinophilic bronchopneumonia

prednisolone

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Treatment of Angiostrongylus vasorum

imidalcloprid + moxidectin

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Treatment of bronchopneumonia

amoxiclav (4 weeks)
supportive care

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Treatment of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

bronchodilators- inhaled and oral
corticosteroids- inhaled and oral
manage pulmonary hypertension (Sidenafil)

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Treatment of chronic bronchitis

nebulisation
coupage
glucocorticoids
bronchodilators
weight control

DOG WILL ALWAYS HAVE COUGH

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Treatment of aelurostrongylus abstruses

fenbendazole 5-7 days minimum

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Treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia

doxycycline- beware strictures can form

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Treatment of Mycobacterial pneumonia

6 month course of rifampicin, pradofloxacin and azithromycin

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Treatment of feline asthma

allergen reduction
preds
fluticasone inhaled

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Treatment of CDCV

pimobendan
fursemide

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Treatment of DCM

frusomide
pimobendan
ACEi- benazepril
Beta blockers- atenolol

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Treatment of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

treat any HF (diuretics, pimobendan, ACEi, spirolactone)
anti-rhythmic meds (soltalol)

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Treatment of cardiac tamponade (pericardial effusion)

IV fluids
pericardiocentesis

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Treatment of systemic hypertension

amlodipine (1st choice for cats)
ACEi- benazepril (1st choice in dogs)

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Treatment of pulmonary hypotension

underlying cause
sildenafil
pimobendan

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Treatment of hyperthyroidism

surgery
radioactive iodine
carbimazole
restricted iodine diet

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Treatment of blood transfusion reaction

stop transfusion
IV fluids
+/- corticosteroids

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Treatment of thymoma

surgical treatment

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Treatment of lymphoma

chemotherapy

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Treatment of chylothorax

surgical closure of the thoracic duct

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Treatment of lymphangiectasia

low fat diet
+/- immunosuppressives (preds)

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Treatment of IMHA

immune suppression (glucocorticoids)
transfusion

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Treatment of IMTP

immunosuppression (glucocorticoids)
transfusion + vincristine

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Treatment of babesia

DONT give steroids
azithromycin and atovaquone- expensive
can use imidocarb

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Treatment of Ehrlichia

doxycycline + imidocarb

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Treatment of vWD

Type 1 –> desmopressin
plasma +/- RBC (if O2 carrying capacity compromised)

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Treatment of Rat bait toxicity

vit K supplementation

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Treatment of megaoesophagus

omeprazole
feed from height

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Treatment of leukaemia

chemotherapy

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Treatment of lymphoma

chemotherpay

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Treatment of gastroduodenal ulceration

H2 receptor antagonist- cimetidine
sucralfate

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Treatment of pancreatitis

opioid analgesia
IVFT
maropitant- (anti-emetic)
feeding support
change diet (high carb low fat)

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Treatment of EPI

pancreatic enzyme replacement
vit supplementation (cobalamin)
diet (avoid low fat diets)
Abs if not responding to enzymes (oxytetracycline)

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Treatment of acute D+ (in dog thats fine in self)

prokolin (probiotic + binding agent)
make sure worming up to date
make sure hydrated

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Treatment of canine parvovirus

ISOLATE
IVFT
amoxy-clav
anti-emetic- maropitant
pro-motility drugs- metoclopramide
nutrition

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Treatment of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis

needs aggressive treatment
IVFT
colloid/plasma
Amoxy-clav or metronidazole

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Treatment of Campylobacter

4- fluoroquinolones

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Treatment of clostridia enteritis

metronidazole

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Treatment of giardia

fenbendazole 3-5 days

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Treatment of Tritrichomonas (protozoa)

ronidazole

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Treatment of E.coli

metronidazole

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Treatment of food responsive enteropathy

3 week food trial

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Treatment of dysbiosis

diet (highly digestable, low fat)
pre/pro biotics
cobalamin (B12)

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Treatment of steroid responsive enteropathy (IBD)

diet
pre/probiotics
antiparasitic agents
preds
+/- metronidazole

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Treatment of protein losing enteropathy

primary cause
ultra-low fat diet
albumin/colloid therapy

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Treatment of intestinal tumours

chemo
prednisolone (if not doing chemo)
surgical resection

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Treatment of leptospirosis

doxycycline- 4 weeks
supportive care

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Treatment of idiopathic chronic hepatitis

corticosteroids
slow biliary flow- destolit
diuretics- if ascites present
diet- highly digestible

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Treatment of neutrophilic cholangitis

Abs (c&s)- 8 weeks minimum

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Treatment of seizures (acute)

diazepam IV x3
propofol CRI

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Treatment of ibuprofen toxicity

H2 blocker- cimetidine
omeprazole
misoprostol

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Treatment of aspirin toxicity

cimetidine
omeprazole
misoprostol

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Treatment of paracetamol toxicity

N-acetyl cysteine
cimetidine

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Treatment of chocolate toxicity

symptomatic
IVFT
ECG and monitoring

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Treatment of Xylitol toxicity

IVFT
glucose infusion
hepato-protectants

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Treatment of Pyrethroids toxitiy

intralipid

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Treatment of ethylene glycol

vodka diluted with saline 2-3 days
dialysis

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Treatment of raisins toxicity

IVFT (48-72hrs)
dialysis

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Treatment of lilly toxicity

IVFT 48-72hrs
dialysis
decontaminate paws

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Treatment of anoestrus in bitch

cabergoline

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Treatment of follicular cysts

hCG
or
suppression with progestogens

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Treatment of pyometra

ovariohysterectomy
ABs- cephalothin or enrofloxacin

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Treatment of phimosis

preputical wedge resection

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Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

castration
or
GnRH depot agonist

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Treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis

TMPS 3-4 weeks
castration

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Treatment of prostatic neoplasia

palliative hormone treatments
NSAID
CASTRATION WONT HELP THIS

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Treatment of uterine inertia

oxytocin or calcium
need to make sure not obstructive dystocia first

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Treatment of suspected retained fetal membranes

oxytocin
Ab- amoxy-clav

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Treatment of post-partum metritis

Abs- amoxy-clav
prostaglandins
IVFT

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Treatment of agalactia

metaclopramide

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Treatment of hypocalcaemia

calcium borogluconate- slow IV
feed pups artificially for 24 hrs

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Treatment of pituitary dwarfism

porcine GH
levothyroxine
medroxyprogesterone

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Treatment of congenital hypothyroidism

levothyroxine

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Treatment of juvenile DM

insulin therapy- challenging

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Treatment of portosystemic shunt

surgical closure- ligation or constriction

medical:
lactulose
amoxicillin
protein-restricted diet

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Treatment of persistent right aortic arch

surgical closure
euthanasia

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Treatment of galactostasis

reduce food intake
cold packs
encourage suckling or milking

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Treatment of mastitis

Abs- cephalexin and amoxy-clav
hat packing
IVFT

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Treatment of pseudopregnancy

cabergoline

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Treatment of fibroepithelial hyperplasia

spay
or
cabergoline
or
alizin

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Treatment of uterine stump granuloma

surgical intervention
Abs (broad spec)

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Treatment of UTI

TMPS or amoxy-clav

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Treatment of CKD

renal diet- very important from stage 2
if proteinuria present–> ACEi- benazepril
if hypertension present –> ACEi, spirolactone, amlodipine

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Treatment of uraemic crisis

benazepril
IVFT
aspirin/ clopidogrel
nutritional support

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Treatment of pyelonephritis

amoxy-clav or TMPS

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Treatment of nephrotic syndrome

ACEi- benazepril
anticoagulants- aspirin and clopidogrel
fluid removal

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Treatment of hypercalcaemia

IVFT
glucocorticoids
bisphosphates- alendronate

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Treatment of idiopathic renal haematuria

ACEi- benazepril
spirolactone

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Treatment of blocked bladder

decompress bladder
opioid analgesia
catheter
IVFT
underlying cause

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Treatment of hyperkalaemia

IVFT
calcium gluconate CRI (glucose insulin)
salbutamol (beta-agonist)

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Treatment of AKI

fluids with Hartmanns
diuresis

Treatment of feline idiopathic cystitis

meloxicam for 5 days
feliways to reduce stress

Treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incontinence

sympathomimetic agents (phenylpropanolamine)
oestrogens- only in neutered bitches

Treatment of urinary retention

bethanecol - parasympathomimetic
manual expression 3-4x day

Broad Treatment of uroliths

NSAID
Abs if concurrent UTI (e.g. with struvite)

Treatment of struvite urolithiasis

analgesia
Abs (UTI)
acidifying diet

Treatment of Calcium oxalate urolithiasis

analgesia
surgery to remove

Treatment of urate urolithiasis

analgesia
allopurinol 4-6 weeks

Treatment of cysteine urolithiasis

analgesia
diet for dissolution (alkalising)

Treatment of calcium phosphate urolithiasis

analgesia
surgery

Treatment of xanthene urolithiasis

analgesia
diet for dissolution- alkalising

Treatment of cushings

trilostane
adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy

Treatment of DM

insulin and diet chnages

Treatment of DKA

IVFT- rapid
Insulin- monitor electrolytes

Treatment of peritonitis

ABs (C&S)- whilst waiting –>
Escalate- no ABs or amoxy-clav
De-escalate- amoxyclav, metronidazole and marbofloxacin

Treatment of blunt trauma to abdomen

conservative management
tranexamic acid
transfusions

Treatment of penetrating injury to abdomen

stabilise then surgery
can consider staged approach

Treatment of uroabdomen

calcium gluconate IV
urianry catheter

Treatment of GDV

stomach tube
IVFT
needs ECG monitoring
opioid analgesia
incisional gastropexy

Treatment of anal furunculosis

cyclosporin 12 weeks
mild cases= hypoallergenic diet + preds (immunosuppressive)

Treatment of perianal adenoma

resolve with castration

Treatment of anal adenocarinoma

aggressive surgical removal + radiotherpay
DONT respond to castration

Treatment of anal sac adenocarcinoma

1st treat hypercalcaemia
surgical excision
matastectomy
adjunctive chemotherpy

Treatment of feline idiopathic megacolon

subtotal colectomy
laxatives
enemas
high fibre feed

Treatment of colitis

metronidazole
sulfasalazine
high fibre
steroids

Treatment of perineal hernia

cystocentesis
IVFT
hernirrhapy

Treatment of hiatal hernia

surgery
antacid
scralfate
prokinetic

Treatment of diaphragmatic rupture

prophylactic ABs
surgery ASAP

Treatment of Masticatory muscle myositis

acute- immunosuppresive therpy
chronic- stretch jaw open under GA or PTS

Treatment of anorexia

underlying cause
appetite stimulants- mirtazapine
anti-emetics- maropitant
analgesia if painful condition
tempt to eat

Treatment of hepatic lipidosis

IVFT (NOT hartmanns)
supplement K+, phosphate and B12
start feeding slowly
antiemetic- maropitant

Treatment of refeeding syndrome

reduce feeding 50%, increase slowly over 4-6 days
monitor PCV

Treatment of acromegaly

surgery
Dogs- OHV/ mammary strip
Cats- hypophysectomy

Treatment of insulinomas

excisional biopsy
dietary management- multiple small meals high in protein, fat and complex carbs
preds

Treatment of cleft palate

euthanasia
surgical management (3-6m)

Treatment of recurrent mucoceles

removal of the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Treatment of stick injuries

co-amoxyclavor metronidazole - 7-14 days
NSADIS

Treatment of oral tumours

surgery
post-op= analgesia, Abs, soft food 2-3 weeks

Treatment of avulsion luxation tooth injury

place tooth in hartmanns or milk and send to dental specalist

Treatment of tooth subluxation injury

NSAID- 5 days
soft food for 3 weeks

Treatment of resorptive tooth lesions

dental extractions

Treatment of perthes disease

femoral head and neck excision
OR
total hip replacement

Treatment of metaphyseal osteopathy

analgesia (opioids and CRIs)
corticosteroids- immunosuppressive
IVFT
tube feeding if inappetant

Treatment of craniomandibular osteopathy

analgesia
corticosteroids
IVFT
enteral support

Treatment of panoseitis

rest and analgesia (NSAIDs)

Treatment of rickets

provide balanced diet

Treatment of angular limb deformities

closed wedge osteotomy
or
lateral open wedge osteotomy

Treatment of fragmented coronoid process

weight control
NSAID
platelet rich plasma
cartrophen
nutraceuticals

Treatment of osteochronitis dissecans

arthroscopy

Treatment of ununited anconeal process

surgical management:
1. remove fragment
2. reattach fragment with screw
3. reattach fragment and ulna osteotomy to lengthen ulna

Treatment of shoulder osteochondrosis

remove the fragment

Treatment of stifle osteochondrosis

arthroscopy

Treatment of hock osteochondrosis

surgically remove fragment
or
pantarsal arthrodesis

Treatment of hip dysplasia (dog)

NSAID
physio
nutraceuticals
cartrophen

surgical management- femoral head and neck osteotomg and total hip replacement

Treatment of infraspinatus contracture

section tendon close to insertion to the humerus

Treatment of humeral intracondylar fissure

rest and NSAIDS
OR
Surgical placement of screw

Treatment of incomplete ossification of the radiocarpal bone

pancarpal arthrodesis

Treatment of hyperextension of carpus

pancarpal arthrodesis

Treatment of stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicus longus

steroid injection into tendon sheath

Treatment of gracilis contracture

no effective treatment

Treatment of iliopsoas myopathy

rest and NSAIDS
or
section muscle at insertion (lesser trochanter)

Treatment of long digital extensor avulsion

reattach the fragment
or
tendonesis of the proximal tibia

Treatment of avulsion of the gastrocnemius

reattach the gastrocnemius by direct suture or screw

Treatment of osteosarcoma

limb amputation
chemotherpay e.g. carboplatin

Treatment of nerve root tumours

limb amputation

Treatment of OA

lots of options- multi-modal best
NSAIDs
monoclonal antibodies- bedinvetmab
corticosteroids
paracetamol
cartrophen
nutraceutical
hydro/physio
weight reduction

Treatment of first degree ligament injury

rest NSAIDS
cold compress

Treatment of second degree ligament injury

support dressing
NSAID
cold compress
rest for 3-6 months

Treatment of third degree ligament injury

primary repair
or
arthrodesis

Treatment of cruciate rupture

rest and analgesia for 6 weeks
or
surgical- TPLO or TTA or fabello-tibial suture

Treatment of patella luxation

NSAIDs
strict rest
weight loss
physio/ hydro

Treatment of cellulitis

drainage
bathing to encourage pus to driain
apply dressing
broad spec Abs if systemically unwell

Treatment of foreign body in digit

AVOID abs
poiultice
lance abscess and explore
analgesia

Treatment of pododermatitis

prolonged ABs and local therapy
or
fusion podoplasty

Treatment of sesamoiditis

rest and NSAID 3 wks
if fails –> depo infiltartion
if fails–> surgical excision of affected sesamoid

Treatment of onychodystrophy

remove affected nail
oxytet
nictinamide
fatty acids

Treatment of neoplastic conditiona of nail bed

amputation of digit

Treatment of spinal fractures

cage rest for 6-8 weeks
analgesia
physio

Treatment of tail pull injuries

express bladder
encourage micturation- bethanechol

Treatment of temporomandibular luxation

replace and feed soft food for a week

Treatment of temporomandibular joint fractures

feed soft food for 4-6 weeks
or
fixate jaw

Treatment of temporomandibular ankylosis

resection of abnormal tissue from around the joint

Treatment of osteomyelitis

Abs (C&S)
remove necrotic bone
stabilise fracture

Treatment of delayed union of fracture

patience
increased analgesia
stage down fixator
physio

Treatment of trigeminal neuropathy

conservative therapy- support eating and drinking
return to function in 4-6 weeks

Treatment of MUO

immunosuppressive dose of corticosteroids

Treatment of FCE

conservative- cage rest + analgesia + physio

Treatment of IVDD

surgery- refer
conservative- rest and NSAIDs

Treatment of degenerative myelopathy

no effective treatment
physio can slow progression

Treatment of stable spinal fracture

rest and analgesia 6-8 weeks

Treatment of unstable spinal fracture

surgery
PTS

Treatment of ischaemic myelopathy

conservative therapy

Treatment of neoplasia of the spine

corticosteroids and anti-inflam doses

Treatment of discospondylitis

6 weeks of penicillin

treatment of polymyositis

corticosteroids at immunosuppressive dose

Treatment of idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis

conservative- cage rest, analgesia and physio

Treatment of SRMA

corticosteroids at immunosuppressive doses- 6 weeks minimum

Treatment of atlantoaxial subluxation

immobilise the joint for 6 weeks
analgesia

Treatment of dry FIP

supportive- mirtazapine, B12, anti-inflam
remdesivir

Treatment of botulism

remove animal from source of toxin

Treatment of tetanus

clean wounds
supportive
anti-toxin

Treatment of neospora

clindamycin- if caught early
PTS

Treatment of seizures (long-term

benzodiazepam- dogs develop tolerance
phenobarbitone

Treatment of conjunctivits

fusidic acid
chloramphenicol drops

Treatment of feline herpes virus (causing conjunctivitis)

fusidic acid
topical ganciclovir 4x day

Treatment of entropion

Hotz celsus surgeyr
or
wedge resection

Treatment of KCS

cyclosporin for 4 weeks
artifical tears

Treatment of superficial ulcer

chlormaphenicol
NSAID
atropine
recheck in 3-5 days

underlying cause

Treatment of stronal ulcer

chloramphenicol
NSAID
atropine
recheck in 3-5 days
underlying cause

Treatment of descemetocele

prompt grafting surgey

Treatment of melting corneal ulcers

ABs (C&S)
anticollagenase- serum or N-acetylcysteine
NSAID
may need surgery

Treatment of perforated ulcer

enucleation

Treatment of SCCED

debridement
chloramphenicol
systemic NSAID
atropine
check weekly

Treatment of eosinophilic keratitis

topical corticosteroid (or ciclosporin)

Treatment of corneal sequestrum

keratectomy +/- graft placement

Treatment of feline diffuse iris melanoma

enucleation

Treatment of iris melanoma in dog

monioring/ enucleation (if worrying owner)

Treatment of cherry eye

surgery to replace gland

Treatment of traumatic globe prolapse

replacement
or
enucleation

Treatment of retrobulbar abcess

drain abscess under GA
NSAID
Amoxy-clab
IVFT
topical lubricants

Treatment of acute glaucoma

latanoprost
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors- brinzolamide, dorzolamide
Analgesia

Treatment of anterior lens luxation

referral for surgery
analgesia- NSAID _ opioid

Treatment of flea allergic dermatitis

isoxazolines for all incontacts
treat environment

Treatment of pediculosis

imidacloprid
selamectin
fibronil

Treatment of sarcoptes

sarolaner, fluralaner

Treatment of cheyletiellosis

isoxazolines

Treatment of otodectes

selected isoxazolines (sarolaner)

Treatment of neotrombicular autumnalis

isoxazolines

Treatment of demodex

isoxazolines

Treatment of surface pyoderma

clip
chlorohexidine
control pruritus- preds
underlying cause

Treatment of superficial pyoderma

topical only- chlorohexidine
corticosteroids- 3-5 days

Treatment of malassezia dermatitis

topical (miconazole/ chlorahexidine shampoo)

List some anti-pruritics

glucocorticoids
oclacitnib- not under 1 yr
lokivetmab
ciclosporin - takes 1-2 months to work

Treatment of dermatophytosis

chlorohexidine/ miconazole shampoo
systemic therapy- itraconazole

Treatment of canine ear margin seborrhoea

incurable
surgery edge resection
topical anti-seborrheic shampoo

Treatment of naso-digital hyperkeratosis

cut off prominent folds
bath in propylene glycol
essential fatty acids

Treatment of leishmaniasis

allopurinol + meglumine antimoniate

Treatment of cow pox

DONT GIVE STEROIDS
spontaneous recovery

Treatment of cutaneous lupus

topical- antiseptics steroid creams
sometimes need immunosuppression- preds or ciclosporin

Treatment of acral lick granuloma

treat deep pyoderma
prevent licking
control inflammation
behaviour modification

Treatment of deep pyoderma

systemic ABs (based on C&S)- continue 2 weeks post resolution
topical chlorohex shampoo

Treatment of pansteatitis

analgesia
perenteral fluids
feed high quality properly balanced diet

Treatment of urticaria

IV dex
preds
adrenaline- if signs of anaphylaxxis

Treatment of seroma

pressure bandage for week
repeated drainage of causing discomfort

Treatment of arthropod bite granuloma

check arthropod gone
short course of topical steroids

Treatment of sebaceous gland tumour

monitor or excise

Treatment of basal cell tumour

excise with wide margins

Treatment of pemiphigus foliaceus

immunosuppression (GCC) till most lesions healed then taper dose

Treatment of puppy strangles

preds (immunosuppression)
topical washes

Treatment of facial dermatitis of persian

anti-yeast therpay
ciclosporin +/- preds

Treatment of lupoid onychitis

oral essential fatty acids
tetracycline

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

SA- Treatments Flashcards

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