Important VPH parasites- mentioned in one health Flashcards
List the 7 important Cestodes in VPH
Taenia solium (Cysticercus cellulosae)
Taenia saginata (Cysticercus bovis)
Taeina multiceps (Coenurus cerebralis)
Taenia Hydatigena (Cysticercus tenuicollis)
Taenia ovis (cysticercus ovis )
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis
List the trematode important in VPH
Fasciola hepatica
List the 2 nematodes important in VPH
Ascaris suum
Trichinella spp
What stage of Taenia saginata is the cysticercus bovis
Larval
how do cattle become infected with cysticercus bovis
Ingesting food or water which has been infected with human faecal matter which contains eggs
how are humans infected with taeniasis (taenia saginata)/ Tapeworms
ingesting/ consuming beef which hasn’t been sufficiently cooked or frozen to kill cysticerci
What is the intermediate host of cysticerus bovis
cows
What is the definitive host of cysticerus bovis/ taenia saginata
humans
How to treat cysticerus bovis in cows
praziquantel
clinical signs of cysticercus bovis/ taenia saginiata in live cow
there are no clinical signs
where are cystercercus lesions found in the cow (post mortem)
causes small cysts I the striated (cardiac or skeletal) muscle the cattle.
Most commonly seen in the :
- head/masseter muscle
-offal
-heart
-tongue
-diaphragm
what do cysts of cystercus bovis look like
Cysts contain a white-ish fluid that contains the immature worm. The cysts are the size of a pea and infected cattle usually have multiple cysts.
what happens to carcass if cystercercus bovis lesions are found post mortem
either partial (in localised infection) or full condemnation of carcase (in systemic infection) will occur.
In partial condemnation the carcase is frozen to deactivate the cysts.
Cat 2
what happens to the cow carcass if localised cystercus bovis cysts are found
partial condemnation and the remaining carcass is frozen to deactivate the cysts (-7 for 3 wks or -10 for 2 wks)
what happens to the cow carcass if systemic/ generalised cystircercus bovis cysts are found postmortem
full rejection - cat 2
what advice would you give farmers to prevent cysticercus bovis on their farm?
Avoid contamination of cattle feed or water with human faeces
List 2 risk factors for Cysticerus bovis
human faecal contamination
overflowing sewage systems
Is cysticercus bovis (taenia saginata) zoonotic
Yes
Name the larvae of Taenia solium
cysticerus celluloase
What species is affected by cysticerus cellulosae (taenia solium)
pigs and humans
What is the definite host of Taenia sloium/ cysticercus cellulosae
humans
How do humans get infected by Cysticercus cellulosae
eat contaminated meat (undercooked)
can cysticercosis in humans be caught by ingestion of eggs (faecal oral route)
NO must be from cysticerci in uncooked or insufficiently cooked pork
what is the intermediate host of taenia solium/ cysticercus cellulosae
pigs and wild boar
Do you get taenia solium in the UK
no
what animals does Cysticercus cellulosae infect
pigs = intermediate
humans= definitive
List the clinical signs of cysticercosis in humans
vision impairment
blindness
seizures
death
hydrocephalus
neuro deficits
where are cysts of cystercerci found in post mortem
Striated muscle of pigs (Skeletal and cardiac)- heart and diaphragm
what happens to carcass with cysticercus cellulosae/ taenia solium
total rejection- cat 2
How to prevent cysticercus cellulosae
- improved pig husbandry - no free-roaming pigs
- improved meat inspection and processing of meat products.
- lower stock density of herd
- anthelmintic protocols as preventative (none licenced against T.Solium)
- pasture management and rotation
quarantine of new stock
How do pigs get infected with Taenia solium
eat egg or gravid proglottids in faeces
What is the larval stage of taenia ovis
cysticerus ovis
what species are infected by taenia ovis
sheep and goats
Is taenia ovis/ cysticercus ovis zoonotic to humans
no
Cysticercus ovis/ taenia ovis clinical signs in sheep
Doesn’t usually impact on sheep so no signs of ill health will be seen on the farm.
where are cysticerci ovis cysts found in sheep
heart
diaphragm (severe cases)
masseter muscle (severe cases)
what happens to a sheep carcass if cysticercus ovis is detected at postmortem
Partial condemnation when local infection
Total condemnation when generalised infection
Cat 2
How to prevent Taenia ovis/ cysticercus ovis (5 points)
No treatment for sheep
- regular worming of working dogs (praziquantel every 3m)
- fence off public footpaths
- don’t feed dogs raw offal/ scavenging on carcases
- dispose of dead sheep properly
- encourage dog owners to pick up dog poo
what are the hosts of taenia ovis
definitive = dog/fox
intermediate= sheep/ goats
What is the larval stage of taenia hydratigena
cysticercus tenuicollis
intermediate host of cysticercus tenuicollis
sheep
BUT less commonly cattle, deer and pigs
definitive host of cysticercus tenuicollis/ taenia hydratigena
dogs/ foxes
is taenia hydatigena / cysticercus tenuicollis zoontic to humans
No
where are cysticercus tenuilcollis cysts found in sheep?
Liver, cysticerci can cause scaring from migration through liver paraenchyma
what does cysticercus tenuicollis look like in post mortem sheep findings?
Sheep lever will be scared with big fluid filled cysts
what do you condemn if you find cysticercus tenuicollis at post mortem of sheep carcass
Partial rejection of liver
Cat 2
Decsribe how to prevent cysticercus tenuicollis
No treatment for sheep
- worming dogs- praziquantel every 3 m
- fencing off public footpaths
- not feeding dogs raw offal/ scavenge on carcases
- dispose of dead sheep
- pick up dog poo
what species does ascaris suum infect
pigs
what should be done if ascaris suum is found at the abattoir
partial rejection
Cat 3
How can ascaris suum be controlled
anthelmintics to treat intestinal adults
cleaning and destruction of faeces 3-4 days after treatment
when is ascaris suum treatment ineffective
outdoor systems
what group of animals does fasciola hepatica affect
ruminants
how can fasciola hepatica be controlled
anthelmintics (triclabendazole) and pasture management
what should be done if fasciola hepatica is found at the abattoir
partial rejection
cat 3
what animals does echinococcus granulosus affect
sheep and cows
what is the larval stage of echinococcus granulosus
hydatid cysts
where are echinococcus granulosis lesions found
liver and lungs
What should be done if echinococcus granulosis lesions are found at the abbatoir?
partial rejection
cat 2
how can echinococcus granulosis be controlled
Prevent dogs eating carcasses
Dogs - praziquantel monthly
Restrict home slaughter
Wash hands
Don’t eat food contaminated with faecal matter
what aniamls does taenia multiceps affect
sheep
what is the larval stage of taenia mutliceps
coenuris cerebralis (gid)
what should be done if taenia multiceps is found at the abattoir
total rejection cat 2 (if under <12 months otherwise Cat 1)
is taenia multiceps zoonotic to humans
no
where do you find taenia multiceps lesions in sheep
brain (GID)
how to prevent taenia multiceps
Restrict access of dogs to offal
Worm dogs with praziquantel every 4 weeks
Stop dogs from defaecating in fields
Proper disposal of sheep
what animal does trichinella spiralis affect
pigs
what is done if trichinella spiralis is found at the abattoir
total rejection
Cat 2
How should trinchinella spiralis be controlled?
Prevent scavenging of carcasses by dogs and rodents
is trichinella spiralis zoonotic to humans
yes
where do you see lesions of trichinella spiralis in pigs
Cysts within striated muscles
what animals does echinococcus multiocularis affect
dogs
human, sheep, cow- intermediat
Where are enchinococcus multilocularis lesions found?
lung
how to control echinococcus multiocularis
Prevent dogs feeding on rodents
Wash hands after handling dogs
Is enchinococcus multilocularis zoonotic to humans
yes
