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Finals > Important VPH parasites- mentioned in one health > Flashcards

Important VPH parasites- mentioned in one health Flashcards

1
Q

List the 7 important Cestodes in VPH

A

Taenia solium (Cysticercus cellulosae)
Taenia saginata (Cysticercus bovis)
Taeina multiceps (Coenurus cerebralis)
Taenia Hydatigena (Cysticercus tenuicollis)
Taenia ovis (cysticercus ovis )
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis

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2
Q

List the trematode important in VPH

A

Fasciola hepatica

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3
Q

List the 2 nematodes important in VPH

A

Ascaris suum
Trichinella spp

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4
Q

What stage of Taenia saginata is the cysticercus bovis

A

Larval

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5
Q

how do cattle become infected with cysticercus bovis

A

Ingesting food or water which has been infected with human faecal matter which contains eggs

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6
Q

how are humans infected with taeniasis (taenia saginata)/ Tapeworms

A

ingesting/ consuming beef which hasn’t been sufficiently cooked or frozen to kill cysticerci

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7
Q

What is the intermediate host of cysticerus bovis

A

cows

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8
Q

What is the definitive host of cysticerus bovis/ taenia saginata

A

humans

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9
Q

How to treat cysticerus bovis in cows

A

praziquantel

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10
Q

clinical signs of cysticercus bovis/ taenia saginiata in live cow

A

there are no clinical signs

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11
Q

where are cystercercus lesions found in the cow (post mortem)

A

causes small cysts I the striated (cardiac or skeletal) muscle the cattle.
Most commonly seen in the :
- head/masseter muscle
-offal
-heart
-tongue
-diaphragm

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12
Q

what do cysts of cystercus bovis look like

A

Cysts contain a white-ish fluid that contains the immature worm. The cysts are the size of a pea and infected cattle usually have multiple cysts.

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13
Q

what happens to carcass if cystercercus bovis lesions are found post mortem

A

either partial (in localised infection) or full condemnation of carcase (in systemic infection) will occur.

In partial condemnation the carcase is frozen to deactivate the cysts.
Cat 2

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14
Q

what happens to the cow carcass if localised cystercus bovis cysts are found

A

partial condemnation and the remaining carcass is frozen to deactivate the cysts (-7 for 3 wks or -10 for 2 wks)

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15
Q

what happens to the cow carcass if systemic/ generalised cystircercus bovis cysts are found postmortem

A

full rejection - cat 2

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16
Q

what advice would you give farmers to prevent cysticercus bovis on their farm?

A

Avoid contamination of cattle feed or water with human faeces

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17
Q

List 2 risk factors for Cysticerus bovis

A

human faecal contamination
overflowing sewage systems

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18
Q

Is cysticercus bovis (taenia saginata) zoonotic

A

Yes

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19
Q

Name the larvae of Taenia solium

A

cysticerus celluloase

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20
Q

What species is affected by cysticerus cellulosae (taenia solium)

A

pigs and humans

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21
Q

What is the definite host of Taenia sloium/ cysticercus cellulosae

A

humans

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22
Q

How do humans get infected by Cysticercus cellulosae

A

eat contaminated meat (undercooked)

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23
Q

can cysticercosis in humans be caught by ingestion of eggs (faecal oral route)

A

NO must be from cysticerci in uncooked or insufficiently cooked pork

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24
Q

what is the intermediate host of taenia solium/ cysticercus cellulosae

A

pigs and wild boar

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25
Q

Do you get taenia solium in the UK

A

no

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26
Q

what animals does Cysticercus cellulosae infect

A

pigs = intermediate
humans= definitive

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27
Q

List the clinical signs of cysticercosis in humans

A

vision impairment
blindness
seizures
death
hydrocephalus
neuro deficits

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28
Q

where are cysts of cystercerci found in post mortem

A

Striated muscle of pigs (Skeletal and cardiac)- heart and diaphragm

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29
Q

what happens to carcass with cysticercus cellulosae/ taenia solium

A

total rejection- cat 2

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30
Q

How to prevent cysticercus cellulosae

A
  1. improved pig husbandry - no free-roaming pigs
  2. improved meat inspection and processing of meat products.
  3. lower stock density of herd
  4. anthelmintic protocols as preventative (none licenced against T.Solium)
  5. pasture management and rotation
    quarantine of new stock
31
Q

How do pigs get infected with Taenia solium

A

eat egg or gravid proglottids in faeces

32
Q

What is the larval stage of taenia ovis

A

cysticerus ovis

33
Q

what species are infected by taenia ovis

A

sheep and goats

34
Q

Is taenia ovis/ cysticercus ovis zoonotic to humans

A

no

35
Q

Cysticercus ovis/ taenia ovis clinical signs in sheep

A

Doesn’t usually impact on sheep so no signs of ill health will be seen on the farm.

36
Q

where are cysticerci ovis cysts found in sheep

A

heart
diaphragm (severe cases)
masseter muscle (severe cases)

37
Q

what happens to a sheep carcass if cysticercus ovis is detected at postmortem

A

Partial condemnation when local infection

Total condemnation when generalised infection

Cat 2

38
Q

How to prevent Taenia ovis/ cysticercus ovis (5 points)

A

No treatment for sheep

  1. regular worming of working dogs (praziquantel every 3m)
  2. fence off public footpaths
  3. don’t feed dogs raw offal/ scavenging on carcases
  4. dispose of dead sheep properly
  5. encourage dog owners to pick up dog poo
39
Q

what are the hosts of taenia ovis

A

definitive = dog/fox
intermediate= sheep/ goats

40
Q

What is the larval stage of taenia hydratigena

A

cysticercus tenuicollis

41
Q

intermediate host of cysticercus tenuicollis

A

sheep
BUT less commonly cattle, deer and pigs

42
Q

definitive host of cysticercus tenuicollis/ taenia hydratigena

A

dogs/ foxes

43
Q

is taenia hydatigena / cysticercus tenuicollis zoontic to humans

A

No

44
Q

where are cysticercus tenuilcollis cysts found in sheep?

A

Liver, cysticerci can cause scaring from migration through liver paraenchyma

45
Q

what does cysticercus tenuicollis look like in post mortem sheep findings?

A

Sheep lever will be scared with big fluid filled cysts

46
Q

what do you condemn if you find cysticercus tenuicollis at post mortem of sheep carcass

A

Partial rejection of liver
Cat 2

47
Q

Decsribe how to prevent cysticercus tenuicollis

A

No treatment for sheep

  1. worming dogs- praziquantel every 3 m
  2. fencing off public footpaths
  3. not feeding dogs raw offal/ scavenge on carcases
  4. dispose of dead sheep
  5. pick up dog poo
48
Q

what species does ascaris suum infect

A

pigs

49
Q

what should be done if ascaris suum is found at the abattoir

A

partial rejection
Cat 3

50
Q

How can ascaris suum be controlled

A

anthelmintics to treat intestinal adults
cleaning and destruction of faeces 3-4 days after treatment

51
Q

when is ascaris suum treatment ineffective

A

outdoor systems

52
Q

what group of animals does fasciola hepatica affect

A

ruminants

53
Q

how can fasciola hepatica be controlled

A

anthelmintics (triclabendazole) and pasture management

54
Q

what should be done if fasciola hepatica is found at the abattoir

A

partial rejection
cat 3

55
Q

what animals does echinococcus granulosus affect

A

sheep and cows

56
Q

what is the larval stage of echinococcus granulosus

A

hydatid cysts

57
Q

where are echinococcus granulosis lesions found

A

liver and lungs

58
Q

What should be done if echinococcus granulosis lesions are found at the abbatoir?

A

partial rejection
cat 2

59
Q

how can echinococcus granulosis be controlled

A

Prevent dogs eating carcasses
Dogs - praziquantel monthly
Restrict home slaughter
Wash hands
Don’t eat food contaminated with faecal matter

60
Q

what aniamls does taenia multiceps affect

A

sheep

61
Q

what is the larval stage of taenia mutliceps

A

coenuris cerebralis (gid)

62
Q

what should be done if taenia multiceps is found at the abattoir

A

total rejection cat 2 (if under <12 months otherwise Cat 1)

63
Q

is taenia multiceps zoonotic to humans

A

no

64
Q

where do you find taenia multiceps lesions in sheep

A

brain (GID)

65
Q

how to prevent taenia multiceps

A

Restrict access of dogs to offal
Worm dogs with praziquantel every 4 weeks
Stop dogs from defaecating in fields
Proper disposal of sheep

66
Q

what animal does trichinella spiralis affect

A

pigs

67
Q

what is done if trichinella spiralis is found at the abattoir

A

total rejection
Cat 2

68
Q

How should trinchinella spiralis be controlled?

A

Prevent scavenging of carcasses by dogs and rodents

69
Q

is trichinella spiralis zoonotic to humans

A

yes

70
Q

where do you see lesions of trichinella spiralis in pigs

A

Cysts within striated muscles

71
Q

what animals does echinococcus multiocularis affect

A

dogs
human, sheep, cow- intermediat

72
Q

Where are enchinococcus multilocularis lesions found?

A

lung

73
Q

how to control echinococcus multiocularis

A

Prevent dogs feeding on rodents
Wash hands after handling dogs

74
Q

Is enchinococcus multilocularis zoonotic to humans

A

yes

Finals (3 decks)

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