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GA II > SA Head > Flashcards

SA Head Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the hyoid apparatus

A

Tympanohyoid cartilage, stylohyoid, epihyoid, ceratohyoid, basihyoid, thyrohyoid

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2
Q

4 extrinsic muscles of the hyoid

A

Geniohyoid, mylohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid

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3
Q

Geniohyoid muscle

A

extrinsic muscle. Protractor of the hyoid.

Innervated by CN XII

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4
Q

Mylohyoid muscle

A

extrinsic muscle. Protractor of the hyoid.

Innervated by CN V

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5
Q

Thyrohyoideus

A

extrinsic muscle. Retractor of the hyoid. Innervated by CN XI and cervicals.
Also responsible for for protracting the larynx to meet the epiglottis and close the aditus

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6
Q

Sternohyoideus

A

extrinsic muscle. Retractor of the hyoid. Innervated by CN XI and cervicals

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7
Q

Lingualis proprius

A

intrinsic muscle of the tongue. Changes shape. Innervated by CN XII

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8
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Hyoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus

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9
Q

Hyoglossus

A

extrinsic muscle of the tongue, retracts the tongue. Innervated by CN XII

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10
Q

Genioglossus

A

extrinsic muscle of the tongue. protracts the tongue. Innervated by CN XII

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11
Q

Styloglossus

A

extrinsic muscle. moves the tongue side to side. Innervated by CN XII

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12
Q

Caudal 1/3rd of the tongue innervation

A

All by CNIX glossopharyngeal

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13
Q

Rostral 2/3rds of the tongue innervation

A

Taste: chorda tympani branch (CN VII)

All other sensation: lingual branch of CN V (V3)

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14
Q

Pharyngeal muscles

A

palatopharyngeus, pterygopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, hyopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, cricopharyngeus

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15
Q

Palatopharyngeus + pterygopharyngeus

A

protractors of the pharynx (bring up to meet food), innervated by CN IX and X

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16
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

dilator of the pharynx (open for food), innervated by CN IX and X

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17
Q

hyopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, cricopharyngeus

A

constrictor of the pharynx, innervated by CN IX and X

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18
Q

Ranulae

A

accumulation of fluid due to a blocked salivary duct

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19
Q

Facial nerve

A

motor to all facial mm. 1 sensory branch = chorda tympani.
Main branches: auriculopalpebral, dorsal buccal, ventral buccal, caudal auricular, coli
Exits the stylomastoid foramen

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20
Q

Platysma m.

A

O: dorsal median raphe of the neck
I: commissure of the mouth
N: facial
A: keeps the cheek taut, pulls corner of the mouth back

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21
Q

Palpebral group of facial muscles

A

Orbicularis oculi, frontalis, levator nasolabialis

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22
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

found around the eye.
A: blinking
N: auriculopalpebral branch of CNVII

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23
Q

Frontalis m.

A

found in forehead region

N: auriculopalpebral branch of CNVII

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24
Q

Levator nasolabialis

A

A: raises upper lip
N: auriculopalpebral branch of CNVII

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25
Q

Aural group of facial muscles

A

dorsoauricular (pull medially), rostroauricular (pull forward), caudoauricular (pull back), ventroauricular (pull down)
N: caudal auricular branch of the colli n. of CNVII

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26
Q

Oral facial muscles

A

Maxillonasolabialis, orbicularis oris, mentalis, buccinator

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27
Q

Maxillo-nasolabialis

A

from nose + maxillary bone to upper lip. Has 2 parts: caninus and levator labii superioris.
A: raises lip, flares nostril

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28
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

A: closes the mouth
N: dorsal and ventral buccal branches of CNVII

29
Q

Mentalis

A

from rostral mandible to orbicularis oris.

A: depresses lower lip

30
Q

Buccinator

A

from maxilla and mandible, run along the cheek.
A: keeps food between teeth
N: dorsal and ventral buccal branches of CNVII

31
Q

Zygomaticus

A

from commissure of mouth to zygomatic arch.
A: keeps mouth a slit, pulls back corners.
N: auriculopalpebral n. of CNVII

32
Q

Structures at risk in ear ablation

A

parotid gland, facial nerve branches, retroarticular vein

33
Q

muscles of mastication

A

masseter, temporalis, pterygoids, digastricus

N: innervated by branches of V3 except caudal belly of digastricus (CNVII)

34
Q

V1

A

exits orbital fissure. Branches: nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal
100% sensory

35
Q

V2

A

exits round foramen. Branches: zygomatic, infraorbital, pterygopalatine
100% sensory

36
Q

V3

A

exits round foramen. Branches: buccal, lingual, inferior alveolar (goes through inf. alveolar canal in mandible), mylohyoid, auriculotemporal

37
Q

Branches of CCA

A

Cranial thyroid artery

Terminal branches = ECA and ICA

38
Q

Deep blood supply to the head

A

Basilar artery - formed by anastomosis of vertebrals, ventral spinal and occipital aa.

39
Q

ICA trajectory

A

ascends to TOF and enters the carotid canal, exits the carotid canal via foramen lacerum, does 180 degree turn and reenters to head into the brain
*ICA non functional in cats and ruminants

40
Q

ECA branches

A

occipital, ascending pharyngeal, cranial laryngeal, lingual, facial, caudal auricular
Terminal branches: sup. temporal, maxillary

41
Q

Facial a.

A

supplies the lips and nose. Used as a facial pulse point

42
Q

Caudal auricular a.

A

supplies the external ear

43
Q

Maxillary a. branches pre-alar canal

A

inferior alveolar, caudal deep temporal

44
Q

Maxillary a. branches post-alar canal

A

rostral deep temporal, external ophthalmic, minor palatine, descending palatine (major and sphenopalatine aa.)

45
Q

Maxillary a. terminal branch

A

infraorbital a. upon entering the maxillary foramen

Supplies upper teeth

46
Q

Inferior alveolar a.

A

accompanied by inferior alveolar nerve (V3) - both enter mandibular foramen to supply the lower teeth

47
Q

External ophthalmic a.

A

first branch of maxillary post-alar canal. Supplies the periorbita

48
Q

Occipital a.

A

supplies caudal muscles of the skull

49
Q

Lingual a.

A

supplies the tongue

50
Q

superficial temporal a.

A

supplies temporalis m.

51
Q

4 important ligaments of the larynx

A 
hyoepiglottic ligament (basihyoid bone attachment) cranially, crico-tracheal ligament (caudal), cricothyroid ligament (ventral), thyroarytenoid ligament (medial) 
2 TA ligaments = vocal lig. and vestibular lig.
52
Q

Aryepiglottic fold

A

functions to help seal the aditus during swallowing

53
Q

Caudal thyroarytenoid fold

A

aka vocal fold, functions to make sounds

54
Q

Cranial thyroarytenoid fold

A

aka vestibular fold

55
Q

Laryngeal ventricle

A

b/w vocal and ventricular folds, blind pouch

56
Q

How to make lower pitched sounds?

A

loosen the vocal folds by contracting the vocalis part of the thyroarytenoideus m.

57
Q

How to make higher pitched sounds?

A

tighten the vocal folds by contracting the cricothyroideus to pull the thyroid down (away from arytenoids)

58
Q

what muscle closes the airway? (adducts folds)

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid m. (cricoarytenoideus lateralis)

59
Q

what muscle opens the airway? (abducts folds)

A

dorsal cricoarytenoid (cricoarytenoideus dorsalis)

60
Q

Sternothyroideus m.

A

responsible for retracting the larynx down the neck to open the aditus

61
Q

Cranial laryngeal branch of vagus innervates?

A

sensation to supraglottic cavity, motor to cricothyroideus

62
Q

caudal laryngeal nerve innervates?

A

sensory to infraglottic cavity, motor to all intrinsic muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid)

63
Q

Glossopharyngeal n.

A

exits jugular foramen
Sensory: caudal 1/3rd of tongue, carotid body and sinus, pharyngeal mucosa
Motor: pharyngeal muscles, PSNS to salivary glands

64
Q

Canine dental formula (deciduous)

A

2x i 3/3 c 1/1 p 3/3

65
Q

Canine dental formula (permanent)

A

2x I 3/3 C 1/1 P 4/4 M 2/3

66
Q

Feline dental formula (deciduous)

A

2x i 3/3 c 1/1 p 3/2

67
Q

Feline dental formula (permanent)

A

2x I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2 M 1/1

68
Q

Equine dental formula

A

2x I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3-4/3-4 M 3/3

69
Q

Ruminant dental formula

A

2x I 0/3 C 0/1 P 3/3 M 3/3

GA II (2 decks)

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